平衡施肥对宁夏银川日光温室番茄产量的影响

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Greenhouse Tomato Yield in Suburban Yinchuan

试验采用四元二次回归通用旋转组合设计,在测土分析的基础上,研究了有机肥、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对宁夏银川郊县二代节能日光温室番茄产量的影响效应,建立了产量与有机肥、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥4因子的肥料试验模型,并采用降维法对所建立的数学模型进行分析,确定其最佳施肥量。试验结果表明,供试土壤供肥特点为低氮、高磷、高钾,且因以往施肥量大而排水不畅,土壤表现为轻度盐渍化特征;番茄的产量对有机肥、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥作用的反应为氮肥>钾肥>有机肥>磷肥;番茄达到理论最高产量122.97t/hm2时,4种肥料的施肥量组合方案为:有机肥(M)7500kg/hm2,N867.6kg/hm2,P2O560kg/hm2,K2O405kg/hm2;而番茄产量稳定达到115.26t/hm2以上,且有利于土壤可持续利用,4种肥料的适宜施用量为:有机肥15000kg/hm2,N850kg/hm2,P2O5300kg/hm2,K2O400kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O的比例为8.5∶3∶4。

Based on the analysis of soil in the test points, the general rotation combination design of quadruple quadratic regression was carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer on tomato production in the second generation energy saving greenhouse in the suburbs of Yinchuan. The results showed that the soil charaetered low nitrogen, high phosphorus and high potassium, meanwhile because of application of large quantity of fertilizer and poor drainage, soil featured low-grade salinization. And the response of tomato to organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is： nitrogen〉potassium〉organic fertilizer〉phosphate. If the tomato yield reach the highest value, 122.97 t/hm^2, the combination of four fertilizer should be organic manure （M） 7 500 kg/hm^2, nitrogen （N） 867.6 kg/hm^2, phosphate （P2O5） 60 kg/hm^2 and potash （K2O） 405 kg/hm^2. And if tomato production achieve over 115.26 t/hm^2 stably, meanwhile the soil can be used continuously , it should be organic manure 15 000 kg/hm^2, N 850 kg/hm^2, P205 300 kg/hm^2, K2O 400 kg/hm^2, N：P2O5：K2O for 8.5：3：4.