朱熹社仓法的基本内容及其社会保障作用

The Basic Elements and Social Security Function of Civil Storehouse System Designed by Zhu Xi

中国古代以实物形式为主的社会保障制度历史悠久,其中备受推崇的是"朱子社仓法"。它的基本内容是:一、社仓设于乡里,官督民办;二、贷放收息,自行积累资金;三、社仓米灾年用于赈济,平年用以扶贫;四、依靠乡官、士人管理。社仓法在我国古代社会保障中曾起过救灾扶贫、保护生产力、进行再生产的作用。它的实施不仅减轻了封建国家财政负担,而且改变了受灾民众单纯依靠国家拨粮救济的思想,有效地培养了农民自我保障意识。社仓法还在维护社会稳定方面产生过积极的作用。

Social security system based on material objects had a long history in China＇s feu- dal society. One of the most respected and advocated was civil storehouse system designed by Zhu Xi, the founder of neo-Confucianism. Its basic elements are： First, civil storehouse should be built in townships, and monitored by the government and ran otherwise; Second, accumulating capital on their own by extending loans to earn interest; Third, on a disasterstroke year, the storage can be used for relief, while on average year for poverty alleviation; Forth, the system should be managed by scholars and count upon government support. The storehouse system had played a multi-role in providing disaster relief, helping the poor, and protecting productive forces to carry out the role of reproduction. Its implementation had not only alleviated the financial burden of the feudal government, but improved effectively the refuges＇ self-protection awareness by changing their attitudes towards the disaster from totally counting on government relief to self-relief by government support. The system had also helped to maintain social stability.