日本新国土规划考察和辽宁省新一轮国土规划的初步设计

Investigation on the latest national planning of Japan and the preliminary design of the improved national planning of Liaoning province

分析了我国第一次国土规划的经验教训,剖析了日本历次国土规划及新国土规划的特点,提出了辽宁省国土规划的总体框架。我国第一次国土规划在摸清资源环境家底方面取得了很好的成效,但实施效果不理想。主要原因在于内容太宽泛,针对性不强,更缺乏法律依据。日本曾进行了5次国土规划,都取得了一定的成效,目前正组织实施第6次国土规划。日本国土规划的成功在于抓住关键,突出重点;重视法律法规建设;依据社会经济发展和国际国内形势的变化及时调整国土规划内容;重视国土的形成和培育。中国的国土环境与日本具有一定的相似性,中国新一轮国土规划应在认真学习日本的基础上努力做到"五新"(观念新、切入点新、理论指导新、方法手段新、内容体系新)。辽宁新国土规划要跳出国土看国土,突出振兴与可持续发展主题,以区域协调发展理论主线,重视目标导向与问题导向相结合,全面利用"4S"技术。

Based on the analysis of the experiences and lessons drawn from the first national plans of China and the characteristics of all the previous national plans, as well as the latest one of Japan, this article brought forward the general framework for the national planning of Liaoning Province. Although great achievements have been made in ascertaining the actual situation of the resources and environment, the first national planning failed to be executed in an effective way. The main reasons for this are the lack of pertinence to specific problems and legal basis. Japan has launched the national planning five times altogether, each of which has produced a certain effect, and the preparations for the sixth planning are well under way. Keys to success of Japan＇s national planning include its priority to core and major issues and the establishment of law and regulation, prompt adjustment according to changes in socioeconomic development and the national and international circumstances, and the emphasis on creating and nurturing land resources. Similarity exists in land environment between China and Japan, and the latest round of national planning of China should advocate the five news, namely, new concepts, new starting points, new theories and guidance, new methods and approaches, new contents and system, with the successful experiences of Japan as an example to follow. The new national planning of Liaoning should take a brand new perspective on land resources, lay emphasis on rejuvenation and sustainability, stick to the theory of harmonious development between regions as the predominant guideline, attach importance to the combination of the orientation of goals and that of problems, and make full use of 4S technology.