基于DEA的中国国家级风景名胜区使用效率评价

Evaluating the using efficiencies of Chinese national parks with DEA

风景名胜区是重要的旅游资源和产品形态,对其绩效进行评价有利于区域旅游发展制定更合理的资源利用政策。采用数据包络分析(DEA)和空间对比分析方法,对136个中国国家级风景名胜区的使用效率进行了计算和空间特征刻画。结果表明:国家级风景名胜区的使用效率普遍偏低,且多数处于规模收益递增阶段;在总效率的分解效率中,利用效率较高,而规模效率和技术效率则较低;规模效率是影响总效率、并导致总效率普遍偏低的最重要因素;国家级风景名胜区沿云南-贵州-湖南-安徽-浙江(江苏)等省份形成了一条东西向的高效率分布带,该分布带的形成与这些省份旅游资源丰度较大、风景名胜区与各类型旅游资源之间不断产生互补和替代作用密切相关。文章最后探讨了区域旅游发展过程中旅游资源使用效率提高的实际应用途径。

National parks are one of the important tourism resources and products, which is helpful to evaluate their performance for establishing rational resources using policies. The using efficiencies of 136 Chinese national parks in China and their spatial distribution characteristics are evaluated by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Spatial Comparative Analysis methods. Both the results show that the overall efficieneies of Chinese national parks are very low, and most of them are presenting the process of increasing returns of scales; Through decompositions of overall efficiencies, the results show that the congestion efficiencies of national parks are very high, but the technical efficiencies and scale efficiencies are at a low level. Both the experiential study and correlation analysis show that the scale efficiencies are the most important factor that influences the overall efficiencies of Chinese national parks, and the low overall efficiencies of Chinese national parks are also due to their low scale efficiencies. As far as the spatial distribution is concerned, there exists a transmeridional high overall efficiencies belt of Chinese national parks in Central China. The formation of the belt results from the abundant famous tourism resources and products in the related provinces of Central China, which lead to the supplement and substitute effects among them and these effects can be explained by using neoclassicism economy theory and industry agglomeration theory. Finally, the countermeasures for upgrading the using efficiencies of the national parks in different regions are discussed in this paper.