中国本土企业的模仿战略——基于外商投资企业在华竞争的研究

The Imitation Strategy of Chinese Indigenous Firms——Research Based on Competition from MNEs in China

外商投资企业竞争压力下中国企业的应对方式是目前学术界尚未充分探讨的问题。本文基于企业模仿的视角,探索了中国行业龙头企业在不确定的市场环境中,出于降低风险和维护自身市场地位的需要,用模仿的方式应对外商投资企业竞争的可能性。我们将企业的模仿行为区分为战术性模仿和战略性模仿,并提出企业的规模相似程度和企业所在行业的创新强度可能影响本土企业模仿方式的假说。我们的实证分析基于中国国家统计局的工业统计数据,采用"龙头配对"的方法选择了97对1998—2007年间平均销售收入最高的本土企业和外商投资企业作为分析样本。动态面板数据模型(DynamicPanel Data)的检验结果显示,中外企业之间规模相似程度提高会增加中国本土龙头企业模仿外商投资龙头企业的倾向,但这种模仿仅针对外商投资企业的战术性行为。此外,行业的创新强度提高会减少中国本土龙头企业模仿外商投资龙头企业的倾向。

The competition between multinational and local firms is an under studied phenomenon. In this paper, inspired by the perspective of competitive imitation, we explored the possibility that local firms respond to their foreign competitors via imitation under uncertain economic environment, in order to reduce risks and sustain their own competitive positions. We divided the firm＇s imitative behaviors into tactical imitation and strategic imitation, and proposed that the size similarity between two firms and the innovative intensity of the 4-digit SIC industry would moderate the imitation of local finns. Using a panel data eonsisting of pairs of leading foreign invested firms and their ＂matched＂ domestic finns in 97 4-digit industries during 1998--2007, and adopting dynamic panel data regression, we found that local firms imitate foreign firms＇ tactical aetions, while don＇t imitate strategic actions. The predictions of the moderating effect of size similarity and innovative intensity were supported.