中国西部地区一次能源供应时空格局变化及其影响

Time-spatial Coordination of Energy Supply and Its Effects in West China

由于存在着资源及其开发利用的明显局限性,能源供应范围的不断扩张成为国家和地区现代化进程的一种必然趋势。作为中国重要的能源资源产地,西部地区一次能源探明储量约占全国资源探明总量的64.3%,在国家能源供应保障协调发育中的战略地位极为重要。本文对中国西部地区1952-2005年一次能源供应的时空格局变化及其影响进行了全面分析。分析的结果表明:第一,作为资源禀赋相对富足的地区,西部地区一次能源供应经历了从地区自给向区外输送的根本性转变;第二,在这一时空格局的转变过程中,西北区外输能力的迅速增长起到了决定性的作用;第三,遗憾的是,如此大规模的资源开发对当地财富积累产生的积极作用很是有限;第四,正因如此,需要重新思考以往西部地区单一能源资源外输传统模式的利弊及影响。

An expanding energy supply system, as a result of the uneven distributions of resources in one hand and demands in the other, is a prevailing trend for nations and regions on the way of modernization. This paper is aimed at a close examination on the interrelationship between growing capacity of energy industry and its spatial effects of energy supply in West China. Such a relationship can be libeled as a time-spatial coordination of regional energy supply. The findings of this paper are salutary. First, they provide that energy supply of West China, one of the most important regions with abundant energy resources in the country, was successfully transformed itself from a lower self-sufficiency type to a highly regional export-led one during the past 50 years. For instance, the self-sufficiency ratio of West China was more than doubled from 70% in 1952 to over 150% in 2005. In the meantime, the average conveyed distance of energy supply of West China was registered from less than 100 km in 1952 to about 550 km in 2005. Secondly, a powerful expansion of the energy supply system in Northwest China was the determined factor in such a transformation. In fact, more than 77% of net energy-export volume in West China was contributed by the Northwest, and to say nothing of the enlargement of energy spatial supply. Thi/＇dly, a large scale of energy exploitation in West China could not bring profits to local economies and social wealth as much as expected due to heavily reliance on the energy-exportled industries, especially coal. Truly, it was evidenced that the growth of GDP per capita in West China was far beyond that of energy production when it became the second largest energy supplier in the country. In 1990,for example, GDP per capita of West China stood at about 72.6% of the country＇s average when the region shared only 8.6% of China＇s total energy production. In 2005, however, GDP per capita of West China （at 1952 price） was registered only 52.1% of the national average when its energy output was accounted for 36.7% of the country＇s total. Finally, it is,therefore, a reasonable to argue to transfer such a traditional mode of energy supply in West China to a new one addressed on a regional sustainable development in order to avoid the Dutch Disease and the Resource Curse.