中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析

Analysis of Carbon Emission Caused by Food Consumption in Urban and Rural Inhabitants in China

可持续的家庭消费是社会可持续发展的基础,食品消费是家庭消费的重要内容,本研究1978-2006年国家统计数据,通过对中国城乡居民食品消费结构差异以及食品消费周期中能源、化学品等物质投入进行分析,从直接和间接两个方面研究城乡居民食品消费对碳排放产生的影响。主要结论包括:①随着社会经济发展,中国居民食品消费结构的改变,对碳排放的影响逐渐增强,因为消费相同重量的肉蛋奶等制品所产生的碳排放量高于粮食消费;②城镇居民在食品消费碳排放总量上高于农村居民,其中,直接碳排放量农村居民高于城镇居民;间接碳排放量城镇居民高于农村居民。城镇居民的饮食消费习惯不利于减少食品消费碳排放量,农村人口进入城市将增加居民食品消费对碳排放的影响。③提高食品消费相关行业的能源利用效率可以有效地降低食品消费间接能源消费碳排放量。研究结论为研究食品消费对环境的影响以及引导可持续的家庭消费模式提供一定的科学依据。

Household is the unit of society, and its development is the basis for sustainable development of society. Food consumption is one of the most important parts of family life. This article, which is based on official data, analyses the differences in food consumptions and the input of energy, agrochemical and other materials between urban inhabitants and rural inhabitants. On this basis, the article quantifies the impact of carbon emission caused by food consumption. The results indicated that the impact on carbon emission by food consumption is increasing according to the economic development and urban inhabitants generate more food consumption carbon emission than the rural inhabitants. In the respect of direct carbon emission per capita, rural inhabitants generate more than city inhabitants, but the indirect carbon emission of urban inhabitants far outweighs the amount of rural inhabitants. City residents are inclined to eat more non-staple foods, processed foods or attractively-packaged foods and the increase in indirect energy and the input of other materials will increase markedly. The key to mitigating the impact on carbon emission by food consumption is to advocate low-carbon food habit and improve energy utilization of relevant industries.