东海中南部竹筴鱼资源现状及其合理利用

Status of Resources and Rational Utilization of Jack Mackerel Trachurus japonicas in Middle and Southern East China Sea

论文利用1997-2000年东海中南部渔业资源调查所测定竹筴鱼的生物学资料，运用Fi-SATⅡ软件估算了相关的生长和死亡参数，同时对其生长方程进行了拟合；用Beverho-Holt动态综合模型计算了竹筴鱼的单位补充量渔获量（Yw/R），并根据不同的捕捞死亡系数F和开捕年龄tc的组合来求得Yw/R的变化并绘制单位补充量渔获量曲线。20世纪90年代末期东海中南部的竹筴鱼生长参数理论最大体长L∞、生长参数k、理论生长起点年龄t0分别为320.3 mm、0.52、-0.27龄，拐点年龄和拐点体重分别为1.83龄和127.5 g；总死亡系数、自然死亡系数、捕捞死亡系数分别为2.91、0.57、2.34，开发率为0.80，处于过度利用状态；当前捕捞强度下对应的单位补充量渔获量Yw/R值为63.65 g，叉长154.82 mm，体重48.85 g。在当前捕捞死亡系数不变的情况下，开捕年龄提高到1.9龄可获得最高水平的Yw/R值79.39 g，其对应的叉长为216.67 mm，对应的体重为133.2 g。为了合理利用其资源并保证渔业的可持续性，建议适当降低开发率至0.6以下，同时提高开捕年龄为1.5龄以上和开捕叉长为190 mm。

The paper estimated the relevant parameters of growth and death by FiSAT Ⅱ software, at the same time on the growth equation fitting based on the biological data of Jack mackerel mensurated in middle and southern East China Sea from 1997 to 2000, then calculated the unit replenishment catches Yw/R and mapping the unit catch curve according to different combinations of F and tc with the Beverhon-Hoh dynamic model. The growth parameters of Jack mackerel L∞, k and t0 were 320. 3mm, 0. 52 and -0. 27age; t,p and Wtp were 1.83 age and 127.5 g ; the total mortality coefficient Z, natural mortality coefficient M and fishing mortality coefficients F were 2. 91,0. 57 and 2. 34, exploitation rate E was 0. 80 in the excessive use of state; the unit replenishment catches Yw/R value was 63. 65 g, fork length was 154. 82 mm and body weight was 48. 85 g corresponding to current fishing intensity in middle and southern East China Sea from 1997 to 2000. In case the current fishing mortality coefficient F remained unchanged, catchable age tc raised to 1.9 age can receive the highest level of unit replenishment catches Yw/R value of 79. 39 g, its corresponding fork length of 216. 67 mm and the corresponding weight of 133.2 g. For rational use of its resources and to ensure the sustainability of fisheries, it is recommended to reduce the exploitation rate E to 0. 6 below, at the same time improve catchable age tc to 1.5 above and catchable for fork length 190 mm.