论廖平1880年并未转向今文经学——“庚辰以后,厌弃破碎,专事求大义”辨析

Liao Ping not Shifting his Classical Position from the Old-text to the New-text Classics Since 1880

廖平入读尊经书院后学思两变,自称第二变是"庚辰以后,厌弃破碎,专事求大义",学术界据此认为廖平自1880年开始,在王闿运影响下,厌弃汉学考据,转向今文经学。但细检相关史料后发现,研究者推证廖平学思二变的契机发自王闿运入主尊经讲席的证据虚空不实。廖平从1881年至1886年间一直从事文字训诂之业,并且始终强调"治经之道,不能离声音训诂"。廖平"厌弃破碎,专事求大义"的真正意蕴,是主张跳出琐碎的名物考订,着力推寻经书条例、解证经典大义,由勤学变为深思会悟,但他的经学立场和治经方法并无明显变化,直到经学二变后才一度转向今文经学。廖平治学在庚辰以后得入新境,既要归功于他对专治小学训诂弊端的自省,又是他不喜记诵、长于悟思的个体特性自然发展的结果,与刚到尊经书院的王闿运没有直接关系。

In Liao Ping＇s own words, his learning and thinking changed twice after entering Zunjing Academy, and the second change was that he detested and rejected fragmented knowledge, but dedicated himself to seeking for ultimate meanings since 1880. Based on this statement, it＇s believed that Liao shifted his classical position from the old -text to the new - text classics under the influence of Wang Kai - yun in 1880. However, with careful readings and more investigations on historical materials, it can be found that Liao not only engaged himself in textual research from 1881 to 1886, but also emphasized the importance of the textual research in Confucian Classics all the while; at the same time, Liao claimed not to be restricted by the textual research, but try to think up the byelaws and significance underlying in the words and texts of classics. Furthmoer, Liao＇s advancements in his learning and thinking owed much more to his reflections on the shortcoming of the textual research and the natural development of his own characteristics of specializing in considering and reasoning than to the influence of Wang Kai -yun, the new dean of Zunjing Academy .