日韩老年人护理保障制度比较与借鉴

A Comparative Study on the Old People Nursing Guarantee Policy of Japan and Korea as well as Its Enlightenment to China

继日本2000年实施"护理保险制度"以来,2008年,韩国也公布实施了"长期疗养制度"。韩国的长期疗养制度在吸取日本护理保险制度教训的基础上进一步完善了老年人护理保险制度。从参保人员或服务对象范围来看,韩国把参保对象扩大到全体国民,而服务对象却限定在重症老人上。从国家财政负担来看,在韩国,国家只负担全部财源的20%,而在日本,国家和地方自治体负担全部财源的50%。从管理运营体系来看,韩国采取中央集权主义方式;而日本采取的是地方主义方式。因此,对日韩老年人护理制度进行比较的基础上寻找适合中国国情的老年人护理保险制度显得尤为重要。

After Japan had carried out the nursing insurance policy in 2000, Korea also announced and implemented perennial recuperation policy in 2008. This policy was based on the lessons of Japan nursing insurance policy and further consumed it. From the point view of insurance participation or serving scale, Korea took all national people as insurance participation, but only limited the serving scale on old people who had serious illness. Viewed from the burden of State revenue and expenditure, Korea government beard only 20% of all source of revenue, while in Japan , government and provincial autonomous bodies beard 50%. In term of the administration and prosecution system, Korea accept centralization pattern, Japan is the pattern of provincial autonomous, the comparative studies on Japan and Korea is very important for China to look for the old people nursing insurance policy which is suit to China＇s condition.