基于光合色素的化学分类法在淡水藻类研究中的应用

USE OF CHEMOTAXONOMY IN FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY ANALYSIS

采用反相高效液相色谱技术(RP-HPLC)系统研究了我国主要淡水藻类———蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、金藻、裸藻和隐藻等的光合色素,在8种纯培养藻类中共确定类胡萝卜素、叶绿素及其衍生物19种。分离到的主要标志性色素按洗脱时间分别为脱植基叶绿素a、19′-丁酰氧岩藻黄素、叶绿素c、脱镁叶绿素a、多甲藻素、甲基脱植基叶绿素a、岩藻黄素、新黄质、紫黄质、蓝藻叶黄素、硅甲藻黄素、硅藻黄质、叶黄素、玉米黄素、叶绿素b异构体、叶绿素b、叶绿素a异构体、叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素;其中在纯培养的铜绿微囊藻中首次鉴定到19′-丁酰氧岩藻黄素;通过官桥基地的实际监测,证实了该技术应用的可行性,为基于HPLC分析技术的浮游植物化学分类法提供了理论依据。

A high-performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） method based on a reversed-phase C18 nonpolar column was developed for the main algal community analysis in the freshwater body in China, which included cyanophytes, bacillariophytes, euglenophytes, cryptophytes, dinophytes, chlorophytes and chrysophytes. Eight monospecies were selected to represent the classes, respectively. According to elution order by HPLC,nineteen pigments were identified. They were chlorophyllede a,19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, chlorophyll c1＋ c2, phephorbides a, peridinin, methyl chlorophyllide a, fucoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, myxoxanthophyll, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll b allomer, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a allomer, chlorophyll a and Q-carotene, respectively. It was first time to report that 19′- butanoyloxyfucoxanthin was identified from the cyanophytes monospecies. The phytoplankton chemotaxonomy based on HPLC was successfully utilized to identify phytoplankton assemblage in Guanqiao experimental system. It proved that the chemotaxonomy probably was a feasible way for phytoplankton taxonomy.