FDS软件在大空间火灾风险评估中的应用

Application of FDS in fire risk assessment of large space

运用火灾场模拟软件FDS(fire dynamics simulator)4.06,并采用大涡模拟方法对一大空间实例——某大型储物仓库的火灾场景进行数值模拟研究,通过比较分析烟气蔓延及烟气温度分布情况,对该仓库的排烟系统进行了评估.模拟结果表明,FDS软件能够较好地预测大空间火灾的热流场分布及烟气蔓延情况,可以用于大空间火灾的模拟研究.对于大空间场所,由于烟气温度较低,自动喷水系统有时不能正常工作,因此在设定火灾场景时对自动喷水灭火系统失效的情况应予以考虑.另外,大空间火灾仅以烟气温度作为评估参数是不够的,还需要考察其他的参数,如能见度等.

Numerical simulation of a fire scenario was done for a large space--a big storage area--using the fire field simulation software fire dynamics simulator （FDS） 4.06 and the large eddy simulation method. The spreading of smoke and temperature distributions were compared and analyzed, and then an assessment of the smoke exhaust system was done for the storage area. Simulation results showed that FDS is a better tool for predicting heat flow fields and the spread of smoke and it can be used to simulate a fire in a large space. Because of lower temperatures in large spaces, a sprinkler system sometimes does not work. Therefore, when designing a fire, it should be consid- ered whether the sprinkler system can work effectively. Additionally, smoke temperature is not the only parameter to assess for fires in large spaces. It is necessary to examine other parameters, such as visibility.