中日韩三国大学生对残疾人印象的比较

Comparison of Attitudes to People with Disability among College Students in China,Japan and Korea

目的:探讨中、日、韩3国大学生对智力残疾人和非智力残疾人印象的因子结构特征。方法:以中国(1106名)、日本(493名)、韩国(466名)的在读大学生为对象,采用语意分析法(SD法)对智力残疾人和非智力残疾人进行印象评价的问卷调查,并应用因子分析法及方差分析对结果进行结构分析和比较。结果:从中国的问卷回答中分别抽出了对智力残疾人印象的"社会性,能力,能力以外的评价,温和性,外向性"5个因子和对非智力残疾人印象的"能力以外的评价,亲近,希望-期待,社会性"4个因子;从日本的问卷回答中分别抽出了对智力残疾人印象的"融合性、外向性、评价"3个因子和对非智力残疾人印象的"接受、评价、外向性"3个因子;从韩国的问卷回答中分别抽出了对智力残疾人印象的"评价、承认-接受、温和性、活跃-外向、普通-社会"5个因子和对非智力残疾人印象的"评价、承认-接受、活力-生机、性情-性格"4个因子;从3国全体大学生的问卷回答中分别抽出了对智力残疾人印象的"社会亲和性、评价、外向性"3个因子和对非智力残疾人印象的"社会性,能力以外的评价,希望-期待"3个因子。结论:(1)3国大学生对非智力残疾人印象比对智力残疾人印象较为积极、好意。(2)3国大学生对智力残疾人和非智力残疾人印象的因素结构存在很大差异。(3)3国全体大学生对智力残疾人和非智力残疾人印象的因素结构不同。

Objective： To explore the factor structure of the impressions of Chinese, Japanese and Korean on the person with intellectual disabilities and other disabilities. Methods： Taking the three countries＇college students as the subjects, the questionnaire investigation was carried out to evaluate the impressions of the person with intellectual disabilities and other disabilities with SD method. Results： Five factors and 4 factors for impressions of the person with intellectual disabilities and other disabilities were chosen from the Chinese answers in the questionnaires, 3 factors and 3 factors from Japanese, 5 factors and 4 factors from Korean, and 3 factors and 3 factors from the whole sample of these three countries. Conclusion： （ 1 ） All college students from the three countries have relatively positive and nice impression of other disabilities compared with the person with intellectual disabilities. （ 2 ） The three East Asian countries＇impressions on the person with intellectual disabilities and other disabilities have greatly different factor structures. （ 3 ） The whole three countries＇impressions on the person with intellectual disabilities and other disabilities also have different factor structures.