基于自发脑电的脑机接口研究进展

Progress in Brain-Computer Interface Based on Spontaneous EEG

脑机接口是一种不依赖于外周神经和肌肉等常规输出通道的信息交流系统,近年来发展非常迅速。它可为神经肌肉障碍患者提供一条与外界沟通的途径,并在虚拟现实、游戏娱乐和航空等领域具有潜在价值。目前,脑机接口中常用的脑电输入信号包括P300、稳态视觉诱发电位(SS-VEP)、皮层慢电位(SCP)以及μ或β节律等。其中,SCP、μ或β节律等自发脑电不依赖于额外刺激的输入,不会产生视觉疲劳,没有适应性的问题,且其神经生理学基础已获得比较深入的研究,因而在脑机接口中得到了较多的应用。但是,基于自发脑电的脑机接口也存在明显的缺陷,如并非所有个体都适用基于μ节律的脑机接口,基于SCP的脑机接口要经过长时间的训练才能实现等。

Brain-computer interface （BCI） system that does not depend on is a communication the brain＇s normal output pathways of the peripheral nerves and muscles,and has developed rapidly in recent years. BCI provides a new communication channel for the patients with severe neuromuscular disorders, and also promises potential values in virtual reality, entertainment and airspace industries. Currently, BCI inputs use different electrophysiological signals, including P300 ,steady-state visual evoked potential （SSVEP）, slow cortical potential（SCP） and/rhythms. Spontaneous EEG signals such as SCP and/rhythm are applied in BCI widely because they do not depend on additional inputs, or produce visual fatigue, or lead to adaptation, and their neurophysiological basis has been studied extensively. However, BCI based on spontaneous EEG has some obvious limitations. For example, some users do not know how to control/ rhythm, and some others need to undergo a long period of training to use SCP-based BCI.