腰果壳油的灭螺活性研究

Control efficacy of cashew nut shell liquid against Oncomelania hupensis

目的研究腰果壳油及其中银杏酸的灭螺作用,为腰果壳油的应用提供基础。方法腰果壳油经硅胶柱色谱分离,得银杏酸混合物,按WHO"杀螺剂实验室终筛方法"测定腰果壳油及其银杏酸混合物的灭螺作用。结果硅胶柱分离制得银杏酸混合物的纯度为89.32%,腰果壳油及其银杏酸混合物48h时对钉螺的LC50分别为0.831、0.523mg/L,LC90分别为2.180、1.439mg/L。腰果壳油药液和银杏酸混合物药液为2mg/L时钉螺的上爬率分别为16.7%和13.3%,≥4mg/L钉螺上爬率为0。结论腰果壳油具有较好的灭螺效果,银杏酸是其主要的灭螺活性成分,腰果壳油有望成为一种有广阔应用前景的植物灭螺药。

Objective To study the control effect of cashew nut shell liquid （CNSL） and anacardic acid from CNSL to Oncomelania hupensis, and provide the basis for the application of CNSL. Methods The mixture of anacardic acid was obtained by separating extracts by silica gel column. The molluscicidal activities of CNSL and the mixture of anaeardic acid against O.hupensis were tested according to laboratory molluscicidal test method recommended by WHO. Results The purity of anacardic acid extracted by silica gel column was 89.32%. The LC50 values of CNSL and anacardic acid mixture to snails were 0.831 mg/L and 0.523 mg/L after treatment for 48 hours, and the LC90 values were 2.180 mg/L and 1.439 mg/L respectively. The inhibition rates of CNSL and anacardic acid to up-climbing of snails were 16.7% and 13.3% at the concentration of 2 mg/L, respectively. When the concentration was all 2 mg/L. However, when the concentration exceeded 4 mg/L, the up-climb rate was zero. Conclusion It is very effective for CNSL to control snails, and anacardic acids is the main active ingredient. CNSL, as plant molluscicide, will be widely used in the control of snails.