HACCP在“5·12”震中区映秀镇媒介生物控制中的应用探讨

An application of hazard analysis and critical control points system on vector control in the "5·12" earthquake epicenter in Yingxiu town

目的应用危害分析和关键点控制(HACCP)体系,指导地震灾害后的媒介生物控制。方法按照HACCP的7个步骤实施媒介生物控制,即危害分析、关键控制点确定、关键控制点阈值确定、关键控制点阈值评价、纠偏措施、验证程序、建立文件和记录档案。结果确定9个关键控制点(critical control points,CCP),主要控制对象是蝇类和中华白蛉,主要控制场所是废墟尸体场所和生活垃圾及厕所。对每个CCP确立控制阈值。动态纠偏8项控制阈值。建立10个数据记录档案。不同场所的除臭率达到50%～100%,不同场所蝇类密度下降率为87.5%～100%,白蛉杀灭率100%,临时厕所达到国家城市三类厕所卫生指标。流行病学调查结果显示,2008年同期各类疾病发病率均低于2005-2007年的发病率,无虫媒病的发生。结论HACCP的应用,使得震中区媒介生物控制取得有效、经济、安全、科学合理的结果,为今后突发公共卫生事件、自然灾害发生后的卫生防疫、疾病控制提供了理论依据和实施方案。

Objective To guide the vector control after earthquake by hazard analysis and critical control points （HACCP） system. Methods Vector control was carried out according to seven process of HACCP system. The seven processes were as follows： hazard analysis, critical control point, critical limit, critical limit evaluation, corrective measure, certification program and records and files. Results Nine critical control points （CCP） were confirmed. The main vectors needed to control were flies and Phlebotomus chinensis. The environments around the corpuses, life garbage and lavatories should be preferred to be treated. Critical limits （CL） were established according to the CCPs. Eight CLs was rectified. Ten records and files were established. At the temporary garbage site and the human excrement place, malodor decreased by 50%-100%, and the flies density also declined to 87.5%-100%. The killing rate to P.chinensis was 100%. The health level of temporary lavatories accorded with National Class Ⅲ. Epidemiology investigation showed the incidence rate of disease was lower in 2008 than that in 2005 and 2007 respectively. Most importantly, the vector-borne diseases did not occur. Conclusion Application of HACCP system in the vector control at the earthquake disaster areas provides a case for disease control in unexpected public health event and natural disaster in the future.