浙江省鼠疫宿主动物与媒介蚤种群结构动态关系的研究

Study on the relationship of dynamic change of flea population structure and the plague hosts in Zhejiang province

目的掌握浙江省黄胸鼠鼠疫历史疫源地的宿主动物和体蚤种群数量、结构的动态变化,了解家鼠和野鼠相互混居、交窜现象;对监测点现阶段宿主动物种群及体蚤种群进行分析,为深化鼠疫监测提供依据。方法采用2007-2008年监测点调查数据对宿主动物与媒介蚤种群物种多样性进行分析。结果在黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地区,发现动物3目4科9属15种,发现蚤类4科7属7种。宿主动物组成,黄胸鼠占13.11%,其体蚤占蚤总数的32.91%;褐家鼠占36.30%,体蚤占42.20%;黑线姬鼠占16.49%,体蚤占14.56%;臭鼩鼱占17.39%,体蚤占0.74%。媒介蚤种群组成以缓慢细蚤为主,占蚤总数的64.34%,不等单蚤占19.87%,印鼠客蚤占9.64%;宿主动物与媒介蚤种群物种多样性有差别,物种多样性越丰富的地区(H>1)说明该地区动物种群数量越稳定,该地区的疫源性越稳定。结论啮齿动物数量和种类处于丰富状态;家栖鼠与野栖鼠相互交窜现象明显,部分鼠体蚤的传播媒介属于广宿主种群,一旦发生鼠间鼠疫疫情,对人类构成直接威胁;部分监测点对鼠疫监测工作质量、监测数据得不到保证,动物种群种类单一。

Objective To understand the population structure and distribution of host animals and fleas in historical flavipectus plague focus in ZheJiang, and to analyze the phenomenon of mixed and cross-channeling between house and wild mouse, so as to provide basic data for plague monitoring. Methods The species diversity of plague hosts and fleas were analyzed based on the monitoring data in 2007-2008. Results There were 3 orders, 4 families, 9 genus and 15 species animals found in historical flavipectus plague epidemic area, and about 4 families, 7genus, 7 species fleas were collected in this areas. Among the host animals, Rattus flavipectus accounted for 13.11%, 36.30% for R.norvegicus, 16.49% for Apodemus agrarius and 17.39% for Suncus murinus. The fleas in those host were 32.91%, 42.20%, 14.56% and 0.74%, respectively. Leptopsylla segnis was the dominant species with the proportion of 64.34%. Monopsyllus anisus was 19.87% and Xenopsylla cheopis was 9.64%. The species diversity between host animals and fleas was significant difference. The index of species diversity was higher（H〉 1）, the population quantity of host animals was more stable. Conclusion The quantity and species of host animals were very rich. The crosschanneling phenomenon between house and wild mouse was obvious. Some fleas can parasitize many species of rodents, which will cause a serious threaten to human once the plague prevailed among rodents occurs. Presently, the reliability of surveillance data in some surveillance sites can not be ensured, and the species of animal was also singular.