海洋生态系统健康评价的底栖生物指数法研究进展

Progress in Researches on Benthic Indices of Assessing Marine Ecosystem Health

海洋大型底栖无脊椎动物能对自然和人为活动导致的水和沉积物质量变化做出可预测的响应,因此利用底栖生物作为海洋生态环境监测的生物指标和进行系统健康度量的生物指数已经得到了广泛的认可。本文比较分析了几种常用的和正在发展的海洋生态系统健康和生态环境质量状况评估的底栖生物指数,包括指示生物法、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、BI指数、AMBI指数和Bentix指数,总结了这几种生物指数的应用和特性,探讨了底栖生物指数在实际应用中可能存在的问题和解决的办法,以期为我国海洋生态系统健康评估工作提供参考。

Abundant researches have demonstrated that benthic communities respond relatively rapidly to natural and man-induced changes in water and sediment quality, so benthic communities are used fi＇equently as bio-indicators of marine monitoring and biotic indices of assessing the marine ecosystem health. Several common and developmental biotic indices for assessment on the＇marine ecosystem health and ecological status are reviewed and analyzed, including indicator species, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, the biotic index（BI）, a marine biotic index（AMBI） and the bentix index（Bentix）. The paper summarizes the main application and properties of each index, and provides some illustrations and comparative analysis. At last, existent problem and resolvent in the practical application of benthic indices are discussed. Therefore we presume upon providing reference to our assessment of the Marine Ecosystem Health.