试论汉代三家《论语》的鉴别

The Identification of Three Kinds of Analects in Han Dynasty

文献记载证明汉代存在三家《论语》，但它们却都没有单一的、独立的传本流传后世，其材料散见于汉魏以来的文献里。我们根据文献记载，通过异文材料的比勘，认为汉代的《鲁论》、《古论》有资料可考求，而《齐论》基本上不可考。石经《论语》、《释文》所载“鲁读”、《集解》所引包注可以作为《鲁论》材料。而《论语集解》所载“孔注”、“马注”，《史记》所载《论语》文字，《释文》所载“古读”可作为《古论》材料。

Based on the documents, it was found that Analects had three kinds of handwritten copies during Han Dynasty. However, there wasn＇t a single and intact copy spreading in later ages, only its materials scattering in the literature since the Han and Wei Dynasty. According to the documents and comparing the variant text of three copies, we found that there is much information to explore for Lulun（鲁论） and Ancient Analects（古论）, but it is difficult for us to explore Qilun（齐论）. The Lu Reading （鲁读）recorded in the inscriptions of Analects（石经论语） and Jingdianshiwen（经典释文） are the materials of Lulun（鲁论）, the same is true of the Annotation by Bao（包注）recorded in Lunyujijie（论语集解）. The Annotation by Konganguo（孔注）, Marong（马注）, the segments of Analects recorded in Shi Ji（史记）, and Ancient Reading（古读） in Jingdianshiwen（经典释文） are the materials of Ancient Analects.