中国二氧化碳资源化有效利用的战略选择

Strategic Choice of Effective Resource Utilization of Carbon Dioxide in China

当前全球气候变化问题已经成为人类共同面临的挑战,如何限制CO2的过量排放已成为各国可持续发展的重大战略性问题。能源结构的特殊性和经济发展的粗放性导致中国在国民经济快速增长的同时陷入了"CO2困境"。中国传统的制定减排政策和实施储存策略两项应对CO2问题的措施并没有从根本上彻底解决CO2过量排放所引发的问题,而通过转换思路,实现CO2到化学品的规模转化,实施CO2资源化有效利用战略,可以较好地解决当前的困境。本文在论证CO2资源化有效利用战略在技术、市场、经济以及发展潜力等方面的可行性和有效性的基础上,论述了从政府的角度出发如何实现CO2资源化有效利用战略,经分析后指出,政府要从建立三方互动机制、划分战略目标、选择重点攻关方向、开展具体工作等4个方面予以大力投入,促进战略的有效实施。

Global greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions have become a serious problem. With current climate change mitigation policies and related sustainable development practices, global GHG emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades. How to limit excessive emissions of carbon dioxide, which is the most primary GHG, has become an important strategic problem. With the rapid growth of national economy, a ＇carbon dioxide dilemma＇ appears because of the special energy structure and the extensive economic development. We should make our best endeavors to control and reduce the emission of greenhouse gas, in the view of either sustainable develop or international obligation. The traditional reduction policy and storage measures have not solved the problems of excessive carbon dioxide emissions thoroughly. In order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and realize sustainable development we should learn from developed countries about the experience in energy use and develop feasible technologies to reduce emissions in a cost-effective manner. Many techniques to separate and recover carbon dioxide have been introduced. We found that the ＇carbon dioxide dilemma＇ can be better solved and atmospheric carbon dioxide can be kept at a lower level by carrying out the strategy of effective utilization of carbon dioxide by transferring carbon dioxide into chemicals. Based on the discussion on the feasibility and effectiveness of effective utilization strategy of carbon dioxide in technological, market, economic and development potential aspects, we analyzed how to make full use of the strategy from the angle of the government. The analysis pointed out that the government should increase the investment in four aspects, including establishing an interaction mechanism, clearing strategic target, choosing the key study direction and conducting specific activities to promote the implementation of the strategy. The basic roadmap of effective resource utilization of carbon dioxide is： first, government should guide, support, research and develop the technology of transferring carbon dioxide into chemicals to scale by co-production, in order to achieve the goal of technological innovation for a series of chemicals using carbon dioxide as raw materials; second, to achieve the goal of industrialization and marketization through building a complete system of their own intellectual property rights and standardization; in the end, to achieve the goal of effective resource utilization of carbon dioxide via large-scale application and continuous upgrade of technology. It＇ s also pointed out that the our targets above can be achieved only after a system including reducing emission both at the sources and terminals of the process is developed.