基于县域单元的中国农业生产率空间分异规律研究

Spatial Difference of Agricultural Productivity in China at County Level

基于全国2014个县域农业统计数据,在GIS技术支持下,分析了中国农业生产率的空间分布格局,结果表明:中国农业劳动生产率较高的县(市)数299个,主要分布在三江平原、燕山太行山山麓平原、胶东半岛与冀鲁豫低洼平原、江汉平原、洞庭湖平原和江淮平原东部、福建西部,以及新疆的部分地区;低值县(市)数201个,主要分布在黄土高原大部地区、川滇高原、黔桂岩溶地区、秦巴山区、内蒙古及长城沿线西部、桂南滇西地区,以及藏南部分地区。土地生产率较高的县(市)数197个,集中分布江汉平原、洞庭湖平原、鄱阳湖平原、苏皖平原和长江三角洲平原;低值县(市)数277个,主要分布于松嫩平原西部、三江平原、内蒙古东部、黄土高原大部、秦岭大巴山区和黔贵高原等地区。

With the support of Geographic Information System （GIS）, we aim to present and analyze spatial difference of agricultural productivity in China at county level in this paper. First, we calculate agricultural land productivity, which is composed of two indicators, by using data of 2014 counties, including grain production, labor, agricultural added value and so on. By employing GIS, spatial attributes are applied to agricultural labor productivity, which indicates that every county possesses two unique indicators. Based on previously constructed database, we integrate two indicators into agricultural labor productivity, which are sorted into three categories by their value and simultaneously display and map the spatial distribution within the GIS system. Furthermore, these differences are analyzed with specific data on agricultural input, such as mechanical power and fertilizer. Similarly, we calculate agricultural land productivity at county level, divide them into three categories and obtain the spatial difference in China. The results indicate that the spatial difference of agriculture productivity in China is distinct. There are 229 counties with high agricultural labor productivity, which are mainly located in Sanjiang plain, the piedmont plain of Yanshan and Taihang Mountain, Jiaodong Peninsula, Hebei-Shandong-Henan lower plain, Dongtinghu plain, eastern part of Jianghuai plain, western part of Fujian province, and most part of Xinjiang. The high agricultural labor productivity is due to high agricultural mechanization, as well as high level of multiple-cropping index. There are 201 counties with low agricultural labor productivity, which are distributed in Losses plateau, Sichuan and Yunnan plateau, Qingling and Daba mountain area, Inner Magnolia and the area long the Great Wall, southern part of Guangdong, Western part of Yunnan, and southern part of Tibet. It can be indicated from the results that China should enhance agricultural investment in these areas to change the poor agricultural resource and low agricultural input. The number of counties with high agricultural land productivity is 197, most of which are located in Jiang-Han plain, Dongtinghu plain, Poyanghu plain, Su-Wan plain, and Yangtze River delta, where level of agricultural input is high and cropping structure decides the high productivity. By contrast, 277 counties with low agricultural land productivity are clustered in western part of Songnen plain, Sanjiang plain, eastern part of Inner Magnolia, Losses plateau, Qingling and Daba mountain area, Sichuan and Yunnan plateau. In these areas, low land productivity is accompanied by poor agricultural facilities and low agricultural input.