新疆草产业发展的传统思维定式转变分析

Thoughts on the Transformation of Traditional Thinking Set in the Development of Grass Industry in Xinjiang

新疆是我国五大牧区之一,发展草产业在新疆农业结构调整、促进农牧民增收和改善生态环境中起到十分重要的作用。从总体上看,新疆草产业发展仍处于初级发展阶段,至今尚未形成一个完整的产业体系。只有从根本上改变习惯性、单一化、封闭式的传统思维定式,促进草产业的市场化、规模化和企业化经营,以市场化为目标,以企业化带动产业化为路径,才是实现新疆草产业发展的关键。新疆草产业发展传统思维定式必须实现以下4个转变,即由"先林后草"向"先草后林、草林结合"理念的转变;由"草不重要"向"立草为业、草业先行"理念的转变;由"粮草对立"向"粮草结合、藏粮于草"理念的转变;由"政府为主体"向"政府为主导、企业为主体"的理念转变。

Xinjiang is one of the five major pastoral areas of China, so it is of great significance to develop the grass industry, which plays an important role in restructuring agriculture, raising incomes of farmers and herdsmen and improving ecological environment. There are many factors affecting the development of grass industry and husbandry in Xinjiang, including the backward operational modes of the local grass and husbandry industries, serious degradation of grassland, poor development in grass technology, low-level industrialization of grass industry, minor scale of grass production, inadequate degree of value-added in-depth processing, and unsound social services and security system. In general, the grass industry is still in its initial stage of development, and the industrial system has not been completed. The key factor of developing grass industry in Xinjiang is to radically transform the stereotyped, single, closed and conventional thinking set, encourage market-oriented and scale enterprise management in grass industry, aim at marketization and take action to realize industrialization, in order to be more entrepreneurial. The thinking sets should be transformed as follows： from ＂placing forestry before grass＂ to ＂putting grass ahead of forestry and forming the harmony between them＂, from ＂ treating grass as not important＂ to ＂regarding grass as a basic industry with priority＂, from ＂believing in the inconsistency between crops and grass＂ to ＂building the harmony between them and develop crops from grass＂, from ＂taking the government as the main body＂ to ＂making enterprises that are under the guidance of the government as the main body＂. At present, the development of grass industry in Xinjiang is encountered with serious challenges, including grass management system running with hindrance and malfunction, unbalanced compensation policy for forest and grass, and green barriers in the trade of grass and livestock products. Therefore, we should take below approaches into consideration： establishing a unified administrative agency of the grass industry, setting up a comprehensive appraisal system for the ecological, economic and social functions as well as values of the grassland, increasing the artificial turf-building, developing grassland agriculture, enhancing bio-fence investment, gradually replacing the concrete fence projects with this biological ones, and promoting enterprise management for grass industry in Xinjiang.