北京市宣武区成人散发急性腹泻病例中诺如病毒感染状况调查

Investigation of Norovirus Infection in Sporadic Adult Cases with Acute Viral Diarrhea in Xuanwu District of Beijing City

目的了解北京市宣武区2007年12月—2008年3月成人急性散发腹泻病例中诺如病毒(NV)感染现状,分析北京市宣武区冬季诺如病毒感染性腹泻的流行特征,为制定相关防治策略提供依据。方法选择北京市宣武区肠道门诊腹泻病人就诊较多的2家三级甲等医院作为监测点,以其中就诊的腹泻病例作为监测对象,留取便标本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测NV,对结果进行分析。结果2007年12月—2008年3月北京市宣武区2所哨点医院共检测成人急性散发腹泻病例490例,其中NV阳性212例,阴性278例,阳性率43.3%。NV检测阳性率以60岁～、70岁～岁年龄组最高,14岁～组病例检测阳性率最低。在各症状中,NV检测阳性病例中有呕吐症状的病例百分比明显高于检测阴性病例(χ2=12.117,P<0.01)。结论北京市宣武区成人散发急性腹泻患者中存在NV感染较多,应加强监测尽早发现和管理传染源,切断传播途径,预防和控制其流行。

[ Objective ] To investigate the infection status of Noroviruse （ NV ） among the sporadic adult cases with acute diarrhea in Xuanwu District of Beijing between December 2007 and March 2008, analyze the epidemiological characteristics of it, and provide evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods] Two class 3-A hospitals were selected as sentinel surveillance locations, the diarrhea cases were chosen as the surveillance objective. The stool specimens were collected and detected NV by ELISA, the results were analyzed. [ Results ] During the period from December 2007 to March 2008, 490 cases were detected, among which, 212 （43.3%） were NV positive, 278 were NV negative. The 60 - and 70 - age groups had the highest positive rate, and the 14 - age group had the lowest positive rate. The percentage of NV positive cases with vomit symptom was much higher than the NV negative cases （ x^2 = 12.117, P 〈 0. 01 ）. [ Conclusion] NV epidemic is in a high level in the sporadic adult cases with acute diarrhea in Xuanwu District of Beijing. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of the disease to conduct early detection and management of sources of infection, cut off the route of transmission, and to prevent and control of prevalence.