合肥市2004～2008年婴幼儿健康状况与生长发育监测

Monitoring of health status and growth and development of neonates and infants from 2004 to 2008 in Hefei city

目的：了解合肥市活产新生儿出生状况及婴幼儿阶段体格发育和智能发育水平，探讨婴儿期体格发育偏离和营养缺乏问题，为提高该市儿童早期保健工作水平提供依据。方法：选取合肥市2004年1月1日～2008年6月30日分娩的活产新生儿为研究对象，同时对2007～2008年分娩新生儿进行婴儿期体格发育监测，并对2007～2008年在该市妇幼保健所儿童心理保健门诊进行神经心理发育评定婴幼儿智能发育进行评价。结果：合肥市2004～2008年活产新生儿平均出生体重（3370±451）g，出生身长（50．26±1．67）cm，出生头围（34．09±1．37）cm，出生胸围（33．06±1．57）cm。不同年度的低出生体重儿、巨大儿、早产儿和过期产儿发生率分别在2．1％～2．8％，7．8％～9．4％，3．7％～4．3％和2．0％～3．6％之间。婴儿期各月龄男童和女童低体重检出率较低，男童和女童的肥胖检出率分别在6．9％～8．4％和3．6％～6．4％之间。血红蛋白水平均随着月龄的增加而增加，可疑佝偻病检出率呈倒“V”字形变化，以6个月检出率最高。婴幼儿神经心理发育男童与女童各能区得分及IQ总分差别均无统计学意义。结论：合肥市婴幼儿出生时和婴儿期内的体格发育总体上处于较好水平，但同时存在着巨大儿发生率较高和婴儿期能量摄入过剩，辅食添加过渡时期贫血检出率偏高，整个婴儿期可疑佝偻病检出率均较高等问题，应针对婴幼儿家长开展儿童营养的教育和指导，并针对婴幼儿所存在的营养问题进行早期干预。

Objective ： To understand the birth status of neonates and physical and intelligence development of neonates and infants in Hefei city, explore physical development deviation and nutritional deficiency, provide a basis for improving early health care level of children. Methods： The live - born infants from January 1, 2004 to June 30, 2008 in Hefei city were surveyed, physical and neuropsychological development of infants borned from 2007 to 2008 were monitored and analysed. Results： The average birth weight, birth length, birth head circumference and birth chest cimumference of live -born infants from 2004 to 2008 in Hefei city were （3 370 ±451 ） g, （50. 26 ± 1.67） em, （34. 09 ± 1.37） cm and （33.06 ± 1.57） cm respectively. The incidences of low birth weight, maerosomia, premature and post - term infants were 2. 1% - 2. 8% , 7.8% - 9. 4% , 3.7% - 4. 3% and 2. 0% - 3.6%. The detection rate of low birth weight was low, the detection rates of obesity of boys and girls were 6. 9% -8.4% and 3.6% -6.4%. The level of hemoglobin increased with the increasing of age, the detection rate of suspicious rickets showed an inversion ＂ V＂ - shaped variation, and the detection rate of infants aged 6 months was the highest. There was no significant difference in every ergoregion and whole score of neuropsychologieal development between boys and girls. Conclusion： Physical growth and development of neonates and infants in Hefei city is at a good level, but the incidences of maerosomia and suspicious rickets are high and excess energy intake exists. The detection rate of anemia is high during food supplement period. Nutrition education and early intervention are important.