深圳市镍镉电池生产企业职业卫生状况调查

Investigation on Occupational Health Status in Nickel-cadmium Battery Industry

目的研究镉负荷对镉作业人群的健康影响;探索分析不同镉负荷水平对镉作业人群健康的长期损害效应及其防治对策,预防和减少职业病的发生。方法参照有关标准和规范对深圳市龙岗区的镍镉电池企业进行职业卫生调查和作业场所职业病危害因素检测,较为全面反映镍镉电池企业存在职业病危害因素的种类、分布、浓度(强度)、人员接触、防护设施和个人防护等方面的情况。结果镉镍电池企业存在镉、镍、甲苯、二甲苯等职业病危害;镉粉尘超标严重;作业场所的空气中镉检测合格率仅为35.71%;接受职业健康检查的108名镉作业人群29例尿镉超标。结论深圳市镍镉电池生产企业缺乏职业病防护设施。作业场所存在较严重的镉粉尘污染,镉作业人员镉负荷比较高,有肾损害的情况,应采取积极有效的防治对策。

[ Objective] To investigate the effect of cadmium body burden on workers exposed to cadmium, to study the long-term damage effect under different cadmium body burdens on workershealth and the countermeasures, so as to prevent and reduce the occurrence of occupational disease. [ Methods ] According to relevant standards and norms, occupational health survey and occupational health test in public health were conducted on nickel-cadmium battery industry in Longgang District of Shenzhen City to fully reflect the existed types, distribution and concentration （intensity） of occupational hazards, exposure, protective facilities and personal protection. [ Results] Occupational hazards of Cadmium, nickel, toluene, xylene, etc existed in nickel-cadmium battery industry. Cadmium dust was seriously beyond standard; the qualified rate of cadmium in the air of workplace was 35.71% ; 29 of 108 workers exposed to cadmium exceed standard in urine cadmium. [ Conclusion] Due to lack of occupational protection facilities, cadmium dust pollution is serious in nickel-cadmium battery industry of Shenzhen, cadmium body burden is heavy in workers with renal damage, the effective control measures should be taken.