唐山市尘肺病危害现状及对策

Status of Pneumoconiosis Hazards and Its Countermeasures

目的了解唐山市尘肺病危害状况,以便采取切实可行的职业卫生监督管理对策。方法对唐山市1998—2008年尘肺病发病资料进行统计;对尘肺的行业分布、发病特点以及造成的危害等方面进行分析。结果该市有接尘企业1500家,接触生产性粉尘职工42万人。10年累计尘肺病例5152人,占全市职业病总数的97.59%;农民工占发病总数的29.4%;接尘工龄<10 a的占新发尘肺病例的近10%;行业发病率由高到低为煤炭、陶瓷、钢铁、水泥、铸造行业。结论唐山市接尘人数多,发病率高,发病时间短,经济损失严重,应加大对该市接尘企业职业卫生的监督管理力度。

[ Objective ] To understand the status of pneumoconiosis hazards in Tangshan City, so as to adopt practical occupational health supervision and management. [ Methods] Pneumoconiosis incidence data of Tangshan City during 1998-2008 was collected; the industry distribution, incidence and hazards etc were analyzed. [ Results] There were totally 1500 enterprises with dust exposure in Tangshan, 420 000 workers exposed to productive dust. 5152 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in 10 years, occupied 97.59% of the total number of occupational diseases; 29.4% were peasant-workers; the number of workers whose dust-exposed length of service were less than 10 years occupied 10% of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases; the industry incidence from high to low by turns was coat, ceramics, steel, cement and foundry industry. [ Conclusion] A large number of dust-exposed worker exist in Tangshan City, with high incidence, short time intervals to pneumoconiosis and caused serious economic losses. The occupational health supervision and management should be strengthened.