基于制度变迁的视角:小额农贷江西婺源模式分析

Perspective on Institutional Change:Analysis on "Pattern of Wuyuan Jiangxi" for Retail Agricultural Credit

自1999年7月人民银行出台农户小额信用贷款政策以来,农村信用社开始办理小额农贷业务,有效破解了广大农民因缺乏担保抵押而出现的贷款难问题。同时,小额农贷这10年的发展历程恰与整个农村信用社改革进程基本上是叠合在一起的,是一项由农村信用社改革引发、推动农村金融产品创新的重大改革成果。以小额农贷江西婺源模式为例,从农村信用社改革这一制度性变迁视角,分析农村信用社改革对小额农贷产生、演进的影响,并根据影响小额农贷江西婺源模式可持续发展的一系列风险约束因素,提出以进一步完善小额农贷为核心的农村金融改革的基本思路。

Since the introduction of policies for retail credit granted to peasants by the People＇s Bank of China in July 1999, the rural credit cooperatives have started to undertake retail agricultural credit, which has been an effective resolution to the financing difficulties of farmers due to lack of collaterals. At the same time, the course of retail agricultural credit for 10 years has just coincided with the whole process of rural credit cooperatives reform. It is a significant outcome of reform caused by the reform of rural credit cooperatives with a promotion of innovation in rural financial products. Taking the pattern of Wuyuan Jiangxi for retail agricultural credit as an example, viewing from the perspective of institutional change in terms of rural credit cooperatives reform, an analysis is made on the impact of rural credit cooperatives reform upon the occurrence, evolution of retail agricultural credit, making a proposal on the basic philosophy for rural financial reform with the core of further improving retail agricultural credit in accordance with a series of risk binding factors for sustainable development under the pattern of Wuyuan Jiangxi for retail agricultural credit.