铁路货车故障模式危害性分析方法

Criticality Analysis Method for the Failure Mode Effects of Railway Freight Car

针对铁路货车故障模式的影响因素具有复杂性和模糊不确定性的特点,综合考虑铁路货车各种故障模式发生的概率、故障严酷度以及故障检测和维修的难易程度,提出基于模糊数学与层次分析法相结合的综合评判方法,实现在故障数据信息不全的情况下对货车各种故障模式的危害性进行定量分析。综合评判方法中利用模糊数学法解决故障模式影响因素较多且具有模糊性的危害度计算,运用层次分析法确定各类影响因素的权重。应用实例分析说明,综合评判方法不仅能将定性的问题定量化处理,得出合理的分析结果,而且能够根据得出的危害度优先排序找出影响铁路货车可靠性的关键因素,为改进产品结构设计和提高其可靠性提供有价值的参考。

According to the complexity and fuzzy uncertainty of many factors affecting the failure modes of railway freight car, the comprehensive evaluation method of combining fuzzy theory with analytic hierarchy process is proposed. Based on this method, failure probability, criticality degrees, difficult degrees of failure detection and maintenance are considered. The quantitative criticality analysis of railway freight car＇s failure modes is carried out in the case of incomplete failure data information. In the comprehensive evaluation method, criticality degrees of failure modes with lots of fuzzy factors are calculated by applying fuzzy theory, and weights of all influencing factors are determined by using analytic hierarchy process. The application result indicates that this method can not only process quantitatively qualitative questions and ob- tain reasonable analysis results, but also identify key factors of reliability analysis in accordance with the obtained criticality priority orders, and provide valuable references for ameliorating design and improving reliability of product.