效率工资理论的新发展:阿克洛夫的观点

A New Development of Efficiency Wages Theory:the View of Akerlof's

阿克洛夫的效率工资理论,通过吸收社会学、人类学的研究成果,将人的劳动行为看成基于公平出发的社会习俗。根据这一习俗,企业支付的工资不少于工人预期的公平工资,而工人根据企业支付的工资决定自己的努力程度,从而决定自己的边际产出。对于追求利润最大化的企业来说,并非支付的工资越高越好,支付工人的工资应等于工人的边际产出。当公平工资高于市场出清工资时,非自愿失业问题出现,工人技术程度与其失业率负相关。二元劳动力市场的现实与人类内生的行为规范,使得非自愿失业问题的解决前景十分悲观。

The Akerlof＇ s efficiency wages theory, by absorbing researches in sociology/anthropology, holds that people＇ s la- bor behavior is a kind of social institution based on fairness. According to this, wages that firms pay will be no less than what workers have anticipated. Meanwhile workers decide how they make their own efforts according to their wages, which in turn decides their own marginal output. As to the firms that pursue profit maximization, it does not follow that the higher they pay to workers, the more advantages they will get because workers＇ wages are equal to their marginal output. When fair wages are higher than market clearing wages, the non - voluntary unemployment appears, there will be a negative correlation between workers＇ technical sophistication and the unemployment rate. The reality in dual labor market and the endogenous behavior norm of humanity make the future solution to the nonvoluntary unemployment pessimistic.