陕西省黄河湿地冬季鸟类群落初步研究

Winter Avian Community of Yellow River Wetland in Shaanxi

1998～2008年,采用直接计数法对陕西省黄河湿地冬季鸟类群落组成、鸟类物种多样性及数量变化进行了调查。在预先设置的5条调查样带中共记录到鸟类14目33科117种。观察结果表明,该地区鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为4.497和0.654。栖息地可分为人工渔塘、芦苇沼泽、滩涂湿地、农田和人工林5种类型。这些生境中鸟类组成及物种多样性差异均较大,其鸟类多样性指数分别为2.826、3.571、3.202、1.205、2.496,以芦苇沼泽中的鸟类多样性指数最高,滩涂湿地中鸟类数量最多,农田中鸟类优势度最高。通过对该地区鸟类群落组成及多样性分析研究以及黄河湿地冬季鸟类栖息地现状评价,为湿地鸟类资源的保护提供科学依据。

Components of avian community at Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province were directed counted monthly in 5 transects from October to March in the period of 11 years （1998 to 2008） in five habitat and 37 counts was conducted totally. A total of 117 bird species which belongs to 14 families and 33 orders were recorded. The avian species diversity index and evenness index were 4. 497, 0. 654 respectively. The component of bird species and diversity were significantly different among the five habitats, 2. 826 in fishpond, 3.571 in reed marsh, 3. 202 in beach, 1. 205 in farmland, and 2.496 in replanted forest. Reed marsh had the highest bird diversity, most abundance of birds was recorded at beach, the highest dominance index of bird occurred in farmland. The bird diversity and number had been declining during the study period.