不同城市夏季高温对居民健康状况影响

Impacts of High Temperature on Human Health Status in Summer in Different Cities

目的探讨不同城市夏季高温对居民健康状况的影响。方法在广州、南京和哈尔滨市分别对300名城市居民进行健康问卷调查,同时收集相关气象资料,分析不同城市夏季高温对居民健康状况的影响。结果广州、南京和哈尔滨市分别位于不同的纬度,气候特点各不相同。广州常年温度较高,日温差小,南京冬季寒冷,夏季炎热,哈尔滨一年四季气温跨度较大,日温差大。2003年夏季广州、南京和哈尔滨的空调使用率分别是85%、75%和12%,失眠率分别为21.6%、38.3%和12.9%,疲劳症状发生率分别为21%、25.1%和15.2%,疾病加重发生率分别为5.0%、7.3%和6.1%,中暑率分别为21.6%、38.3%和12.9%。结论夏季高温除了易引起中暑外,还可使人们出现失眠、疲劳症状、疾病加重等,不同气候特征的城市居民对热的耐受性不同,但是气候持续变暖对我国不同纬度城市的居民健康均可能会产生一定的威胁。

Objective To explore the impacts of high temperature on health in summer in different cities of China. Methods The ettects of high temperature on health in different cities were analyzed through metereological data collecting and questionnaire survey on health of residents in Guangazhou, Nanjing and Harbin cities,300 cases respectively. Results Guangzhou, Nanjing and Harbin locat in different latitudes and have deifferent climates. Guangzhou had the high temperature all the year, with little daily temperature difference. Nanjing had cold winter and hot summer. Harbin＇ s temperature all the year round and large daily temperature difference. In summer of 2003, the utilization rate of air - condition was 85% , 75% and 12% , （ respectively in Guangzhou, Nanjing and Harbin） , the insomnia rate was 21.6% , 38.3% and 12.9% , the occurrence rate of fatigue was 21% , 25.1% and 15.2% , the occurrence rate of aggravation of existing diseases was 5.0% , 7.3% and 5.1% , the incidence rate of heatstroke was 21.6% , 38.3% and 12.9% , respectively. Conclusion High temperature in summer can lead to not only heat stroke, but also insomnia, fatigue, aggravation of existing diseases, et al. The residents in different cities have different tolerance to high temperature. The continual climate warming will threat human health in different latitude cities in difterent latitudes.