黄土丘陵区农户生产决策行为和对土地政策的认知分析

Influence factors of farmers' decision-making and their perceptions of land policies in the Loess hilly area

以陕西省安塞县大南沟和县南沟两个典型小流域的农户为研究对象,基于参与式农村评估技术的农户调查资料,采用多变量的描述分析与双变量的相关分析方法,对农户主要农业生产决策行为及其影响因素和农户对土地政策的认知进行了分析。结果表明:受家庭收入、收入来源和户主年龄以及教育程度等社会经济因素的影响,农户生产决策行为均有较大的差异。88%的农户表示愿意继续增加农业投入,以增加家庭收入。其中绝大多数农户都表示愿意通过增加土地投入和提高单产的方式来增加家庭收入,且投入取向受市场价格机制的驱动,主要以蔬菜和林果等经济类农产品为主。而小部分农户希望通过扩大承包地面积或外出打工来增加家庭收入。对农户的土地政策认知调查分析表明,农户对土地所有权的认识比较模糊,89%的农户不能正确地回答出农村土地所有权归集体这一根本制度。只有54.7%的农户知道"土地使用权30年不变"的政策。大部分农户对这一政策比较赞成,认为此政策不仅对农民有利,而且有利于土地质量的提高,也愿意增加土地的长期投资以提高土地质量,但仍然有近一半的农户担心政策会发生变化。

Based on investigations of farmers in two small catchments of Ansai County, the influence factors of farmers＇ decision-making and their attitudes towards land policies were discussed using participatory rural appraisal （PRA） method. It was found that the differences of farmers＇ decision-makings resulted from their economic and social characteristics, such as different income sources, education levels, ages and so on. Also, in order to improve their living standard, about 88% farmers chose to increase investment in farming, particularly in arable land. For example, to obtain more profit, more and more farmers preferred to grow vegetables or fruit rather than grains. Lastly, Farmers knew little about the long-term land ownership policy and were worried about the stability of the land policies, which affects farmers＇ long-term investment decisions.