黄河三角洲滨海湿地的维管束植物区系特征

Flora characteristics of vascular plants of coastal wetlands in Yellow River Delta

在2007-2008年多次实地调查并参照相关资料基础上,对黄河三角洲滨海湿地进行了植被类型划分和湿地维管束植物生态类群、生活型划分,利用统计方法分析了研究区湿地维管束植物区系的科、属构成,地理分布区成分构成。研究表明,黄河三角洲滨海湿地有71科、199属、298种维管束植物,蓼科、藜科、苋科、豆科、菊科、禾本科、莎草科等7个大科为区系主体,上述7科共76属128种,占总属数的39.38%和总种数的43.99%;区系中单种属多,属的分化程度较高。区系中有59种盐生植物、46种水生植物、44种湿生植物、144种中生植物、7种旱生植物,水生植物、湿生植物的生活型以地面芽植物、地下芽植物为主,陆地中生植物、盐生植物的生活型以一年生植物为主。从分布区类型构成来看,区系中蕨类植物区域分布成分较多,种子植物中温带分布属最多,这反映出湿地植被具有一定的地带性特征,种子植物中热带分布属、世界分布属较多分别表明海洋性气候对湿地植被特征的影响及湿地植被的隐域性特征。

Based on many field investigations from 2007 to 2008 and some correlated reference data, the authors classify the vegetation, the ecological groups and life-forms of the vascular plants of coastal wetlands in Yellow River delta, and analyze the genera and families composition of the vascular plant flora, areal-types of species of fern plants and areal-types of genera of seed plants by using statistical method. The vegetations of coastal wetlands in Yellow River Delta are formed by 298 species of vascular plants which belong to 71 families and 199 genera, among which there are 7 most important big families with 10 or more than 10 species, such as Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae and Cyperaeeae. The 7 families have 76 genera and 128 species, which occupy 39.38% of the total genera and 43.99% of the total species. There are many genera with single species, which show the flora is highly differentiated in genera level. There are 59 halophtes, 46 hydrophtes, 44 amphiphytes and 144 mesophytes as well as 7 zerophytes in the flora. The hydrophtes and amphiphytes are mainly hemicryptophytes and geophytes while the halophtes and mesophytes are mainly therophytes. The species of fern mainly belong to regional areal-type, the phenomenon that most seed plant genera belong to temperate-areal type reflects the latitudinal zonality of the wetland vegetations. And the phenomenon that many seed plant genera belong to tropic-areal type and widespread type reflects the influence of marine climate on the vegetations of the coastal wetlands and the intrazonality of the vegetations respectively.