典型城区山岳型风景区大气环境承载力分析

Exploitation of atmosphere environment sustainable capacity for a typical urban mountain scenic spot

旅游环境承载力是表征旅游业发展与环境保护关系问题的主要标志,但是以往研究多从综合的角度来开展旅游环境承载力研究,单独针对特定类型旅游区的旅游承载力研究不多。以典型城区山岳型风景区-长沙市岳麓山风景名胜区为例,主要针对大气环境来开展旅游区的环境承载力研究。在确定影响岳麓山风景名胜区大气环境承载力发展变量和限制变量的基础上,运用对比研究方法、大气质量指数ORAQI指数模型以及环境承载力指数模型等研究方法,重点探讨了岳麓山大气环境承载力指数及其影响因素。研究结果表明,岳麓山风景名胜区大气环境的发展变量SO2、NOx和TSP,限制变量为相应的一级质量浓度限值;1999-2001的区域大气环境质量ORAQI指数平均为83,属于"坏"的等级,这表明岳麓山的大气环境质量整体上有待进一步改善;3年来区域大气环境承载力指数平均为19.5,处于"较高"承载等级,这表明岳麓山风景名胜区目前仍有比较高的大气环境承载能力。结论为岳麓山风景名胜区旅游业的进一步发展提供了理论依据,研究中提出的大气环境承载力计算思路和方法也为同类风景区环境承载力研究提供了思路。

The environment sustainable capacity of tourism is mainly manifested in the relationship between tourism development and environment protection. Much research on the environment sustainable capacity, however, has been done from a comprehensive perspective other than that of a specific tourism area. Taking Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot （a typical urban mountain scenic spot） of Changsha city as an example, a research on an atmosphere environment sustainable caoacitv is carried out. This paper is focused on the atmosphere environment sustainable capacity and its factors influencing Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot by the use of the contrast method, atmosphere environment quality index （ORAQI）model and environment sustainable capacity index model ,based on the selection of development variables and condition variables that affect atmosphere environment sustainable capacity of Yuelu Mountain. The research result shows that 1） the development variables of Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot include SOs, NOx and TSP, and the condition variables are concentration limit value of the first grade of matching development variable; 2） the mean value of atmosphere environment quality index （ORAQI） of 1999--2000 is 83, a grade of ＂bad＂, which shows the total atmosphere environmental quality of the Scenic Spot is to be improved; 3） the average value of atmosphere environment sustainable capacity index during the three years is 19.5, a grade of＂better＂, which means a good atmosphere environment sustainable capacity. The research findings can not only provide a theoretical foundation for the further development of tourism of Yuelu Mountain Scenic Spot, but a calculating approach of atmosphere environment sustainable capacity for similar mountain scenic spots.