气候变化对生物多样性的影响：脆弱性和适应

The impacts of climate change on the biodiversity:Vulnerability and Adaptation

气候变化对生物多样性影响及其适应直接关系着未来生物多样性的保护。气候变化对生物多样性影响、生物多样性在气候变化影响下的脆弱性、生物多样性适应气候变化方面进行了总结分析,对存在的问题进行了讨论,对今后研究提出了一些建议。过去的气候变化已使物种物候、分布和丰富度等改变,使一些物种灭绝、部分有害生物危害强度和频率增加,使一些生物入侵范围扩大、生态系统结构与功能改变等。未来的气候变化仍将使物种物候和行为、分布和丰富度等改变,使一些物种灭绝、使有害生物爆发频率和强度增加,并将可能使生态系统结构与功能发生改变等。生物多样性适应气候变化包括了自然适应和人为适应两个方面,自然适应体现在物种适应性进化、迁移、生态系统稳定性和弹性等,人为适应体现在种质基因保存、物种异地保护、自然保护区规划设计、生态系统适应性管理、生态恢复和气候灾害防御等。目前,生物多样性对气候变化影响的脆弱性、生物多样性自然适应和人为适应气候变化方面的研究都还不系统深入,需要加强生物多样性自然适应和人为适应气候变化方面的研究。

The vulnerability and the adaptation for the impacts of climate change on biodiversity are directly related to conversation biodiversity in future. The concept of vulnerability and adaptation for the effects of climate change on biodiversity were interpreted. The study on the vulnerability and the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and the adaptation of biodiversity to climate change by natural and artificial adjustments were reviewed. The uncertainness about the studies was also discussed, and the demands of research in future were suggested. The observation and investigation showed that climate change in past years has caused change in their phenlogy, distribution and abundance of many plants and animals, and cause extinction of some species, and also caused increasing of the frequency and intensity of outbreaks of some pest or disease, and cause expansion range of some exotic species, and cause change in the structure and function of some ecosystems. Climate change in future will still cause change in their phenology, distribution and abundance of many plants or animals, and will also cause habits loss of some species, and make increasing of the frequency and intensity outbreaks of some pests or diseases. Additionally, climate change in future will also make expansion range of some exotic species, and cause change in structure and function of some ecosystems. The adaptations of biodiversity to climate change include natural and artificial adjustments. The natural adjustments to climate change include the evolution response of species to climate change, migration of plants or animals, and the resilience and stabilization of ecosystems; the artificial adaptation to cli- mate change include the conservation genetic diversity of species, in situ or ex situ conservation of species, ecosystem management, restoration of degradation ecosystem, and reducing the climatic disaster following climate change. At present, there are still no enough studies of the vulnerability and adaptation about the impacts of climate change on the biodiversity, and the studies on the natural or artificial adaptation of biodiversity to climate change should be improved in future.