黄前水库上游生态修复区典型植被林冠层水文效应

Hydrologic Effect of Canopy Layer of Typical Vegetation in Ecological Rehabilitation Region in the Upper Stream of Huangqian Reservoir

利用森林水文与水量平衡原理,采用固定标准地方法,对山东省泰安市黄前水库上游水土保持生态修复区典型植被类型的林冠层水文效应进行了研究。结果表明:①在P=18 mm的降雨条件下,生态修复区内不同树种林冠对降雨截留量的排序为油松>赤松>侧柏>麻栎>刺槐,树干径流量和林内穿透雨量没有发现有类似的规律,针叶林比阔叶林的林冠截留量大。②不同造林密度对林冠截留量的影响总体趋势为造林密度越大林冠截留量越多,反之林冠截留量就越少;林内穿透雨量与林冠截留量的变化规律相反。③不同郁闭度林分与不同造林密度的林分对降雨的再分配规律相同。④不同混交方式的林分对降雨的截留量排序为松刺栎混交>油松>松栎混交>松刺混交>麻栎>刺槐;树干径流量和林内穿透雨量的规律不明显。⑤生态修复区内典型植被林冠截留量在降雨量较小时(P=4.50 mm)截留作用很明显,林冠截留率较大;但随着雨量增加,树干径流量逐渐增大,林冠截留率呈减小趋势。

It studies the hydrological effect of canopy layer of typical vegetation type in the ecological rehabilitation region of soil and water conservation in the upper stream of Huangqian Reservoir in Tai’an City of Shandong Province, by using the principle of forest hydrology and water balance and the method of fixed sample plot. The outcomes show that ①under the conditions of P=18 mm, the sequence of the canopy interception of different trees in the ecological rehabilitation region is Pinus tabulaeformis>Pinus densiflora>Platycladus orientalis>Quercus acutissima>Robinia pseudoacacia, but the similar law has not been found in the amount of stemflow and the throughfall in forest area, and the canopy interception of the coniferous forest is greater than that of the broadleaf forest. ②The main influencing tendency of different afforestation density to the canopy interception is the greater density the more canopy interception, conversely, the less interception; the variation law of the throughfall in forest area and the canopy interception shows contrary character. ③The forest stand of different canopy density and different afforestation density is the same to the precipitation redistribution. ④The sequence of interception of forest stand in different mixed patterns is mixed Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia>Pinus tabulaeformis>mixed Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus acutissima>mixed Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia>Quercus acutissima>Robinia pseudoacacia; the regular pattern of the amount of stemflow and the throughfall in forest area is not obvious. ⑤When precipitation is smaller(P=4.50 mm), the canopy interception of typical vegetation in the ecological rehabilitation region is very obvious and the rate of canopy interception is greater; the amount of stemflow increases gradually along with the increase of rainfall and the rate of canopy interception is the trend of decrease.