山东省南部地区景观生态的分类与评价

Classifying and Evaluation of Landscapes Ecology in Southern Part of Shandong Province.

以地貌为基本线索、以植被为标志，建立山东南部的景观生态分类系统（包括５个景观型，１５个景观亚型）。根据景观型之间的相似性与差异性，选取稀疏植被、森林植被景观及旱作、水旱轮作景观两套指标，对各景观亚型进行生态评价。通过评价指标的等级化处理、评价指标权重的确定，计算出各景观亚型的综合评价指数。根据综合评价指数，划分出极危急、危急、正常三种景观生态现状类型。统计结果显示，山东南部生态现状极危急、危急、正常景观面积分别占总面积的３７．９％、１７．５％、４４．６％，表明山东南部景观生态形势非常严峻。

Taking geomorphology and vegetation characters as the bases, the southern part of Shandong Province has been classified into five landscape types and fifteen landscapes subtypes. According to the similarities and the differences between the landscape types, index systems of sparse vegetation and forest vegetation landscape and dry farming and dry land croppaddy rice rotation landscape were selected for the ecological evaluation of landscape subtypes. After those indices been graded and weighted, a composite evaluation index (CEI) had been worked out. With the CEI, the present ecological situation of the landscapes were classified into three types: normal landscape (CEI>0.70), critical landscape (0.50 < CEI ≤ 0.70 ) and extremely critical landscape (CEI ≤ 0.50 ). The areas of the three types of landscape accounted for 37.9%, 17.5% and 44.6% of the total area of the southern part of Shandong Province, respectively. It has been concluded that the landscape ecology of this area should be restored imminently.