吉林省主要河流指定标准功能可达性分析

The appointed standard functional achievability analysis of the main rivers in Jilin Province.

根据吉林省地方标准规定的河流水域功能类别和１９９５年水质监测结果，采用水质单项标准指数法，对吉林省主要河流３４个国控和省控监测断面的单项指标、全指标、有机污染型指标和重金属污染型指标进行了功能评价。结果表明，仅有６个监测断面满足指定的标准功能要求，符合率仅为１７．６％，主要超标污染物是ＣＯＤＭｎ和挥发酚。以ＣＯＤ为控制指标，根据逆推法的河流水环境容量模式，计算了污水达标排放情况下的污水允许排放量，从而对河流控制断面指定的标准功能进行了可达性分析。结果表明，污水达标排放时，河流流量较大、污径比较小的河流可达到指定标准功能要求；而枯水期流量较小、污径比较大的河流很难达到，应实施重点污染物的排放总量控制制度。

On the basis of the river water functional sorts appointed by the local standards of Jilin Province and the water monitoring results in 1995,we adopted the method of water single standard index to carry out the functional assessment on the single index, the total index, the organic-polluted index, and the heavy metal-polluted index of 34 monitoring sections(controlled by the country and the province)in the main rivers in Jilin Province. The results indicate that only 6 monitoring sections meet the appointed standard functional requirement with coincidence only 17.6%;and the major standard exceeded pollutants are CODMn and volatile phnoel.Using COD as control index, according to the river water environmental capacity model of converse inference method,this paper calculated the permited discharge capacity of the standard reached wastewater;and analysised the appointed standard functional achievability of the river controlled sections. The results indicate that: when the wastewater is discharged at small rate and meets the standards,and the rivers have large flow,it could reach the appoint standard function; but the rivers with small flow are difficult to reach during low water periods and thus the total quantity control system of the major pollutants discharged should be put into effect.