基于陆稻地方品种农家保护决策行为的支持系统研究——以云南省景洪市江头曼咪寨为例

SUPPORTING SYSTEM FOR THE ON-FARM CONSERVATION OF UPLAND RICE LOCAL SPECIES BASED ON VILLAGERS' DECISION MAKING BEHAVIORS——A CASE STUDY OF THE JIANGTOU MANMI VILLAGE,JINGHONG,YUNNAN

针对陆稻地方物种资源多样性保护实践中面临的问题,以及相关研究所倡导的农家保护和相应措施,基于土地利用决策行为模式,在世界陆稻多样性中心之一的云南西双版纳,选取景洪市江头曼咪寨为案例点,通过实地调查、村民小组讨论和关键人物的深入访谈,就农户种植决策目标、过程和环境进行分析,探讨陆稻种植演变过程的农家保护驱动力变化,调查和分析结果显示:(1)陆稻种植的面积经历了从无到有,规模逐渐扩大,伴随橡胶的种植,而后面积又相应减少,最后完全消失几个阶段;(2)村民的消费和土地利用目标的转变,说明虽然传统文化与陆稻地方品种之间存在密切的联系,消费需求和经济收入来源的多元化,陆稻地方品种在演变的文化中地位下降;(3)虽然现金收入成为当前村民土地利用和种植品种选择的重要影响因素,陆稻作为传统的经济收入主要来源,并没有随着市场价格上涨而扩大规模,反而表现出相反的转变,说明经济驱动力的现实实现途径存在障碍;(4)个体种植品种选择受到决策环境的影响和限制,从面和点上不同程度地影响着陆稻地方品种的农家保护措施的有效性。在此基础上,归纳和解释案例点微观行为与宏观上表现的陆稻地方种植面积急剧下降、地方品种消失内在联系,进一步提出地方物种农家保护的支持系统转换一般模式,指出陆稻地方品种农家保护所面临的严峻现实和未来障碍。

Facing the challenges in the conservation practices with the on-farm conservation and its corresponding measures of upland rice local species, this study went further advocated by previous studies. It selected the Jiangtou Manmi village as case study site, which is located in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan, one of the world centers in upland rice diversification and conservation. Based on the land-use decision-making behavioral model, through field investigation, panel discussions, and in-depth interviews with key villagers, the villagers＇ planting decision-making objectives, processes, and influential factors were analyzed. It further explored the evo- lution process of upland rice cultivation and the changes in the driving forces of the on-farm conservation. The in- vestigation and analysis revealed： （ 1 ） the changes in upland rice cultivation area have experienced several sta- ges： from scratch to a gradual expansion, and later a gradual reduction with the corresponding increase of rubber plantation, and finally a complete disappearance; （2） the changes in the consumption and the land-use objec- tives of the villagers reveal that although the traditional culture and the upload rice plantation exist a close linkage, with the diversification of the consumer demands and the villagers＇ income sources, the status of upland rice has declined in the changing local culture; （3） while the cash income has become the influential factor in the villagers＇ land use decision and selection of planting species, upland rice traditionally as the main source of in- come did not rise with increase of its market value, which shows that there exist obstacles to the realization of e- conomic force to drive the up-taking of upland rice cultivation; （4） the selection of planting species by individual villagers was limited by their decision-making environments, which lead to the variation of the validity of the on- farm conservation on large scale and on individual locales. Based on the above, the study explored the internal re- lationship between the micro level mechanisms, the individual behaviors, and the macro level exhibition of the sharp decreasing of the plantation area of the upland rice （or even the complete disappearance of local species in some cases） . The study pointed out the grim reality and the future obstacles in the conservation of upland rice farming and promoted a supporting system model to deal with those challenges.