“5·12”地震后灾区民众应激状况与心理健康调查

Investigation on the stress reation and mental health in victims after 5·12 earthquake

目的了解地震后灾区民众的心理状况。方法采用心理应激自评问卷(PSET)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ),对277名灾区民众进行心理调查。结果98.19%灾民出现各种应激反应症状,3.97%应激反应程度较高,主要以警觉性增高和创伤性体验为主;震后20d应激总分显著高于震后9d(t=-3.612,P=0),不同人群间应激总分差异有统计学意义(F=8.784,P=0),由高至低依次为高中生、伤员及家属、小学生、救援人员。SCL-90各因子分均显著高于全国常模(P<0.01),与同类研究相比,本次地震主要造成强迫、人际敏感、敌对和抑郁等心理问题,在性别、地区、时间段和人员类别方面,SCL-90大多数因子分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在应对方式上,表现为应激反应和SCL-90高分组更多使用消极应对方式。相关分析发现,应激总分、消极应对方式与SCL-90各因子高度相关(P<0.01)。结论早期开展心理干预,针对性地处理主要心理问题,重点关注学生群体,及时疏泄不良情绪,鼓励他们采用主动有效的应对方式,以此减少或缓解应激所带来的损害,促进心理健康。而进一步探索并研制出适用于早期、针对性强、简便快捷的心理测量工具,结合疾病分类与诊断标准进行临床综合评估,是研究创伤后早期心理问题的有效方法。

Objective To investigate the conditions of stress reaction and mental health in victims of 5 · 12 earthquake. Methods 277 subjects were measured by psychological stress self-evaluation test（PEST）,Symptom checklist（SCL） 90 and simplified cop- ing style questionnaire（SCSQ）. Results 98.19 ~ victims had various stress reaction,3.97 % had higher degree,whose main symp- toms were hypervigilance and traumatic re-experience. The scores of PSET had differences significantly among the surviors, which presented the characteristics of high school sutdents 〉the wounded and families^primary school students〉rescue personnel（P〈 0.01）and the stress reaction of 20 days after earthquake was higher than 9 days. Compared with norms and other similar study, SCL 90 were higher obviously, which main symptoms were obsesseive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and depres- sion. Among the various groups, the SCL-90 had differences significantly. As for coping style,the individuals who had higher score of PSET and SCL-90 used more negative coping. Linear correlation analysis indicated that stress, negative coping and SCL-90 had higher correlation. Conclusion To deal with main mental disorder,emphasis on the high-risk individuals and encourage the victims to regulate negative emotion with the effective coping is the most important in the early psychological intervention stage. Meanwhie, It is necessary to develop a simple screening scale for early diagnosis and intervention. And combined with criteria of classification and diagnosis will be an effective way to study the post-traumatic mental disorder.