艾滋病高发农村少年儿童生长发育及心理健康调查

Survey on growth,development and psychological health of the children in rural with AIDS serious incidence

目的:了解艾滋病高发农村少年儿童生长发育及心理特征,为进一步实施关怀支持提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取6个高发村小学学生,按班级逐人逐项调查。内容主要包括身高、体重、艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况及对艾滋病有关问题的认知情况等。用EpiData3.1录入数据,用SPSS11.5软件进行统计,并行T检验或χ2检验。结果:共调查6～15岁学龄儿童2598名,其中HIV感染儿童14人,父母HIV双阳191人、单阳76人、双阴2036人、不详295人。身高体重指标均符合少年儿童的生长发育规律;男生正常体重率显著高于女生(χ2=10.73,P<0.001),而营养不良率则女生显著高于男生(χ2=22.55,P<0.001)。总体营养不良比例大于较轻体重的比例,肥胖的比例大于超重的比例;14名HIV感染儿童中5人营养不良、5人较轻体重、4人正常体重。父母至少一方感染HIV儿童与父母未感染HIV儿童对"觉得艾滋病可怕"、"担心父母身体健康"、"愿意与父母是艾滋病的儿童一起玩"及"愿意与艾滋病儿童一起玩"的回答差异有统计学意义。结论:应进一步加强对艾滋病高发区群众生产、生活的救助以及对少年儿童的科学饮食和心理健康教育。

Objective： To understand the growth, development and psychological characteristics of the children in rural with serious AIDS incidence. Methods： Investigate the primary school students in six serious AIDS incidence village by group sampling randomly, including height, weight, HIV infection status and cognition issues related with AIDS. Results： 2 598 children of 6-15 years old involved, of which 14 children HIV-infected; 191 parents double positive, 76 parents single positive, 2 039 parents double negative and 295 unknown. The two index of height and weight matched with the growth and development of children; the difference between the normal weight of boys with that of girls（Х^2=10.73, P〈0.001） was significant, while the girls＇ malnutrition rate was bigger than boys＇ significantly（Х62=22.55, P〈0.001）. Found 5 malnutrition, 5 lower weight and 4 normal weight among 14 HIV-infected children. The differences was significant to questions as ＂feeling terrible on AIDS＂ etc. from children in family parents one/double positive and parents negative. Conclusion： To give aids in production, daily life for adult, while to strengthen in education of scientific diet and psychological health to children in rural with serious AIDS incidence.