择校的多学科视点及其对教育公平的意义

School Choice Strategy from the Perspective of Multidiscipline and its Significance to Educational Equity

择校是当前美国等一些发达国家教育改革的重要议题。评估教育改革的基本标准是教育公平,对择校最多的质疑也是教育公平。事实上择校行为一直存在。引入市场竞争有助于提高所有学生的教育质量,而择校被看作是改善不良社区教育机会的有效机制。为了达成社会的、经济的或政治的公平,教育应该尽可能地与每一个积极的社会因素联系起来:如社会的安全,市民的参与,健康的家庭生活等。文章从政治学、经济学、法学、心理学、社会学、信息论等视角,分析择校的理论基础,进而探讨择校对教育公平的意义。

School choice is an important topic in the educational reform of some developed countries such as the United States. The basic standard to assess educational reform is educational equity. Thus, the controversy of school choice lies in education equity. In fact, the behavior of school choice has always been around. The introduction of market competition can enhance the education quality of students whilst school choice is seen as an effective mechanism for improving educational opportunities for under-served communities. In this paper, it is argued that with a view to realizing equity in society, economy and politics, education should be connected with every positive social factor such as social security, civil participation, a healthy family life and so forth. Based on this argument, this paper discusses school choice strategy from the perspective of multidiscipline such as politics, economics, law, psychology, sociology and information. It further investigates its significance to educational equity.