范畴的“是”与存在的“是”——康德和海德格尔对“sein”的哲学阐释

Categorical "Sein" and Existent "Sein":The Philosophical Interpretation of "Sein" Between Kant and Heidegger

"是"具有系词和表存在的双作用义。最根本的是我们应当从理解西方哲学精神本身出发,在不同语境中酌情择其Sein的译法。在康德先验逻辑理论中,范畴作为理性思维是判断中联结之统一性的逻辑形式。范畴的"是"是被给予的知识获得普遍性的关系,它只存在于判断本身的执行中,起着联结的作用。而在海德格尔的解释策略中,"是"不能被当做一个最普遍的逻辑性概念来理解,"是"是存在意义上的"生存状态"。"是"作为被给予的东西开显于说出自己的"此在",此在在原发时间视域中诠释纯粹的"是"并追问它的意义。

＂Sein＂ has both meanings on the sense of copula and being. The most important thing for us is to choose the translation of ＂Sein＂ conditionally from understanding the spirit of the western philosophy in different contexts. In the theory of Kant＇ s transcendental logic, category as rational thought, is a logical form of the unity of connection in judgment. Categorical ＂Sein＂ is the relation of obtaining the universality of the given knowledge, which only exists in the judgment＇ s implementationand play a role in connection. But ac- cording to Heidegger, ＂Sein＂ can not be understood as a universal logic concept , but the human~ living state on the sense of being. ＂Sein＂ is something that has been given and spoken out by Dasein, Dasein can interpret the pure ＂sein＂ in the horizon of the original time and pursue its meaning.