传统监察制度的运行机制及其绩效分析

An Analysis of Effect and Running Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Monitor System

中国传统社会是封闭式的小农经济社会,交通不发达,信息传递技术落后,为了有效地防范决策失误和官吏的违法失职行为,历代统治者不断继承、发展和完善前代已有的监察机制,形成了一套独特的监察运作方式:以卑察尊,以轻制重;动态监察,"马儿说话";风闻言事;独立弹劾;内部互察,外部反监。上述独特的监察运行机制,在一定的政治条件下,对防止吏治的迅速腐败、保证政府机构的正常运转、缓和社会矛盾是有作用的。但是,传统政治的种种弊端极大地限制了其作用的发挥。

The traditional Chinese society is a society which locked its doors against the world with its small peasante conomy.Without a well-developed transportation system and advanced information technology governers of every dynasty, in order to effectively prevent wrongdecisions and delinquencies of government officials,carried on inheriting, developing and perfecting the monitor system of the previous dynasty.C onsequently,they established a unique monitor system in which high-ranking officials are monitored and restrained by the humble,work is running in an irregular and mobile way, the report to the emperor can be made on hearsay evidence, impeachment is lodged independently, the high-ranking officials are discriminated in favour of while the low-ranking officials are discriminated against, the central forces are strengthened and the branches are weakened,monitors are both internal and externaLIn certain polit- ical settingsthe unique monitor system mentioned above is effective in preventing fast corruption in officials guaran- teeing the well running of the government and easing social conflicts.However,sundry defects limited the force of this system.