论直觉思维的生成及其作用

On the Formation of Intuitive Thought and its Function

尽管直觉的产生极为突然,但其生成决非偶然。就思维主体而言,其直觉的生成必有其相关知识的积累,也分别表现为不同的境界:灵感、顿悟与直观。尽管直觉有其生成条件与情境的差异,但却有着其共同的特征:突发性、整合性和统摄性,在方法上都会运用联想、类比等逻辑方法。直觉生成不仅与思维主体的知识积累相关,还与其所要解决的问题相关,这就决定了直觉生成类型的多样性。从哲学认识论的视角看,直觉思维可以分为经验直觉、知性直觉和理性直觉。在科学研究中,直觉思维表现为思维主体思维的超越性、创造性、应变性,进而使其能捕捉科学研究中的灵感、把握其机遇。直觉思维还在主体的现代管理活动、文学创作、道德活动等方面发挥着独特的作用。

From the view of epistemology, intuitive thought can be divided into experience intuition, knowledge intuition and rational intuition. Intuition is formed with the accumulation of interrelated knowledge, and then reaches different states： first, inspiration; second, instant understanding; third, direct perception. The formation of intuition is not only of generality in the process, but also of connection in the methods of formation. The function of intuitive thought in scientific research is firstly that the subject of thought is of transcendence, creativeness and flexibility. Intuition plays not only an important part in scientific research, but also in modern management, literary creation and moral activities.