4种耐腐性树种心材提取物抑菌作用的研究

Inhibitory effects of heartwood extracts from four decay-resistant tree species to white and brown rot fungi

为了探索强耐腐性树种心材提取物的抑菌活性,开发新型木材防腐剂,本研究选用甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和氯仿4种溶剂,采用浸渍法对桑、水曲柳、圆柏和华北落叶松4种树种心材进行提取,共计获得16种提取物,利用生长速率法测定其对白腐菌和褐腐菌,即彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)和密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllum trabe-um)的抑菌活性,并研究了提取物对这2种真菌的实验室木材防腐性能,与水基防腐剂ACQ-D进行比较。结果表明:桑甲醇、桑丙酮和桑乙酸乙酯提取物对白腐菌具有较强的抑制活性,桑甲醇、桑乙酸乙酯及圆柏乙酸乙酯提取物对褐腐菌抑制活性较强,其它各提取物对2种菌的抑制率均在70%以下,抑菌活性相对较弱。其中桑乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌效果最佳,在浓度1 g/L时对2种菌的抑制率均达到了90%以上,EC50分别为0.173 g/L和0.324 g/L;浓度为8 g/L时桑乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌效果达到Ⅰ级。

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of heartwood extracts from four strong fungi-resistance trees, and to develop new wood preservative. The antifungal activities against Coriolus versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeurn of total 16 extracts by extracting with methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform from the heartwood of Morus alba L., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. , Sabina chinensis （L.） Antoine （Juniperus chensis L. ） and Larix prince rupprechtii Mayr. were determined by the growth rate method. The preservation activity of the extracts,was also studied in lab, compared with the water soluble preservative, ACQ-D. The results showed that the heartwood extracts of M. alba L. extracted with methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate had significant effect on C. versicolor, and the methanol and ethyl acetate heartwood extracts of M.＇ alba L. and ethyl acetate extract of Larix principis rupprechtii Mayr. had strong inhibitive effects on the growth of G. trabeum. The inhibition rate of other extracts was below 70 96, showing less inhibitive effects. The ethyl acetate extract of M. alba L. had more positive effect than the others, and at the concentration of 1 g/L the inhibition rate against the two fungal species causing white and brown rot was over 90 %, with corresponding EC50 value at 0.173 g/L and 0. 324 g/L, respectively. The grade of the ethyl acetate extract of M. alba L. reached grade Ⅰ at concentration of 8 g/L.