政治选择与实践回应:民国县级行政兼理司法制度述评

Political Choice and Practical Response:the Concurrent Judicial Institution in the Republic of China

传统中国司法与行政合一,清末民初进行了司法体制改革,以期依照司法独立的西方宪政原理建立起从上至下的新式独立司法机关。但历经多次改革,基层政权建立独立司法机关的政策未能彻底实现,县级行政兼理司法成为民国时期主要的基层司法体制。县级行政兼理司法类似传统中国县衙审判方式,其形成原因固然有经济拮据和人才缺失的解释,但更主要的是由于中央与地方司法改革的不同特点,该制度代表的行政司法合一的综合治理式传统纠纷解决机制在民国时期的基层社会尚具备生命力。基层司法制度变革的困境昭示了近代中国法制建设的复杂性。

In traditional China, the institution of court and administration are synergetic. the central government carry through the judicial system reform in the early republic of china according to the occident constitution theory. and plan to strike up the independence court, but it was not implemented quietly. the concurrent judicial became the main form of the prefectural judicial system. The mostly reason is that there are great difference between central and prefectural judicial reform. the concurrent judicial institution is analogy to the traditional prefectural justice, which has the vitality in prefectural of china.