中国工业化的路径转换与东北工业基地的兴衰

Path Switch in China's Industrialization and the Rise and Fall of Industrial Base in Northeast China

中共在全国执政后领导的中国工业化经历了三次道路选择,而每一次选择都与东北工业基地利害攸关。第一次道路选择是从1949年至1978年,以"单一公有制"和计划经济为特征的优先发展重工业的赶超战略。这一时期,东北作为全国最大的工业基地,以出机器、出经验、出人才,来大力支援全国的工业建设。第二次道路选择是从1978年到1997年改革开放的前20年,以"多种经济成分并存"和改革开放为特征的外延型工业化发展道路。这一时期,东北作为工业基地,成为改革大业成本的承担者。第三次道路选择是从1997年至今,以"社会主义市场经济"和科学发展观为特征的新型工业化道路。东北将作为高精度加工产业基地,重振工业基地的雄风。

China＇ s industrialization under the leadership of the CPC has followed three different roads, each having a great different impact on the industrial base in the Northeast. The first road was followed in the period from 1949 to 1978, when China adopted the strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industries in order to catch up with and surpass the world＇s advanced levels, based on the ＂unitary system of public ownership＂ and planned economy. During these years, as the largest industrial base throughout the country the Northeast gave energetic support to the industrial construction in all parts of China with its machines, experience and personnel. The second road followed by China in the first twenty years after the launching of reform was one of extensive industrial development characterized by ＂coexistence of diversified economic sectors＂ and reform and opening up. As an industrial base the Northeast became the bearer of cost for the great undertaking of reform in these years. Starting in 1997 and up to the present China has been marching on a new road to industrialization that features the ＂socialist market economy＂ and scientific outlook on development. As a base of high-precision processing industries, the Northeast will reestablish its former gallantry.