党农关系：国民革命时期广东农村的社会冲突起源和政府干预困境

Relations Between Political Parties and Peasants:Origin of Social Conflicts in Rural Guangdong and Dilemma of Government Intervention During the National Revolution

1924年广东农民运动兴起后,国共两党以基层党部和农民协会为组织纽带的党农关系的扩展,对农村权势阶层和地方军政官员交织的社会权益格局产生强烈震撼,由此引发近乎失控的社会冲突。1926年随着国民革命军北伐的迅速拓展,以农会为轴心的社会大分裂,奠定了军人集团武力清党和改组农会的社会基础。土地革命的发动,与其说是中共激进主张的结果,毋宁说是农运冲突的放大;与其归因于中共"土地国有"的共产主义理想,毋宁归因于国民政府干预冲突的彻底失败。

The peasant movement launched jointly by Kuomintang and the CPC did not carried out land reform, but the peasant associations springing up all over Guangdong triggered unprecedented intense social conflicts for they affected the networks of rights and interests intertwining the rural influential strata and local military and government officials. The double-track intervention policy of simultaneously supporting the peasant associations and civil corps, while bringing into bold relief the political struggle within the Kuomintang and its governance dilemma, accelerated the split between the two parties of Kuomintang and the CPC and brought about the interaction of top political struggle and peasant movement conflicts. The launching of agrarian revolution was due not so much to radical ideas of the CPC as to escalation of conflicts in the peasant movement and not so much to the CPC＇ s idea of ＂land nationalization＂ as to flat failure of the government＇ s intervention in the conflicts.