摘要
巴林顿.摩尔的"没有资产阶级,就没有民主"使得民主变成了资产阶级的专利,今天这个专利演变为亨廷顿的"中产阶级带来民主"。从社会主义运动史与比较制度变迁的关系出发,我们可以发现民主经历了一个正反合的演变过程,从原初旨在实现人人平等的多数人统治,演变为保护少数人即资产阶级财产权的工具,再发展到今天作为实现大众平等权的工具。在民主的发展过程中,资产阶级的主要贡献在于宪政建设和精英民主,而大众民主的到来,则要归功于以下层阶级为主体的工人运动和其他非资产阶级阶层的斗争。在考察民主历程的基础上,重新认识民主的社会主义属性,有助于质疑形成于特定经验的社会科学的普适性问题。
'No bourgeoisie, no democracy'—this claim of Barrington Moore’s rendered democracy the monopoly of the bourgeoisie. Today this 'monopoly' has evolved into Samuel Huntington’s thesis that democracy springs from the middle class. If we start from the relations between the history of the socialist movement and comparative institutional change, we will find that democracy has undergone a process of dialectic evolution: it started as rule by the majority aimed at equality for all, then evolved into a tool for protecting the property rights of the minority, i.e. the capitalist class, and has now become an instrument for realizing equal rights for the masses. Over the course of the development of democracy, the capitalist class has contributed significantly to constitution building and elite democracy, while the advent of mass democracy is attributable to the labor movement and the struggles of other non-bourgeois social strata. Re-evaluating the socialist character of democracy through an examination of the history of democracy helps us question the universality of social sciences that developed out of particular institutional changes.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第3期4-18,共15页
Social Sciences in China